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The effects of perceptual cues on visual statistical learning: Evidence from children and adults
Memory & Cognition ( IF 2.482 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-19 , DOI: 10.3758/s13421-021-01179-w
Yingying Yang 1 , Qiongya Song 2
Affiliation  

In visual statistical learning, one can extract the statistical regularities of target locations in an incidental manner. The current study examined the impact of salient perceptual cues on one type of visual statistical learning: probability cueing effects. In a visual search task, the target appeared more often in one quadrant (i.e., rich) than the other quadrants (i.e., sparse). Then, the screen was rotated by 90° and the targets appeared in the four quadrants with equal probabilities. In Experiment 1 without the addition of salient perceptual cues, adults showed significant probability cueing effects, but did not show a persistent attentional bias in the testing phase. In Experiments 2, 3, and 4, salient perceptual cues were added to the rich or the sparse quadrants. Adults showed significant probability cueing effects but no persistent attentional bias. In Experiment 5, younger children, older children, and adults showed significant probability cueing effects. All three groups also showed an attentional gradient phenomenon: reaction times were slower when the targets were in the sparse quadrant diagonal to, rather than adjacent to, the rich quadrant. Furthermore, both children groups showed a persistent egocentric attentional bias in the testing phase. These findings indicated that salient perceptual cues enhanced but did not reduce probability cueing effects, children and adults shared similar basic attentional mechanisms in probability cueing effects, and children and adults showed differences in the persistence of attentional bias.



中文翻译:

感知线索对视觉统计学习的影响:来自儿童和成人的证据

在视觉统计学习中,可以通过一种偶然的方式提取目标位置的统计规律。当前的研究检查了显着感知线索对一种类型的视觉统计学习的影响:概率线索效应。在视觉搜索任务中,目标在一个象限(即丰富)中出现的频率高于其他象限(即稀疏)。然后,将屏幕旋转 90°,目标以相同的概率出现在四个象限中。在没有添加显着感知线索的实验 1 中,成年人表现出显着的概率线索效应,但在测试阶段没有表现出持续的注意力偏差。在实验 2、3 和 4 中,显着的感知线索被添加到丰富或稀疏的象限中。成年人表现出显着的概率提示效应,但没有持续的注意力偏差。在实验 5 中,年幼的儿童、年长的儿童和成人表现出显着的概率提示效应。所有三组也都表现出注意力梯度现象:当目标位于与丰富象限对角线而不是邻近的稀疏象限时,反应时间较慢。此外,两个儿童组在测试阶段都表现出持续的以自我为中心的注意力偏差。这些研究结果表明,显着知觉线索增强但没有减少概率线索效应,儿童和成人在概率线索效应方面具有相似的基本注意机制,儿童和成人在注意偏差的持续性上存在差异。和成年人表现出显着的概率提示效应。所有三组也都表现出注意力梯度现象:当目标位于与丰富象限对角线而不是邻近的稀疏象限时,反应时间较慢。此外,两个儿童组在测试阶段都表现出持续的以自我为中心的注意力偏差。这些研究结果表明,显着知觉线索增强但没有减少概率线索效应,儿童和成人在概率线索效应方面具有相似的基本注意机制,儿童和成人在注意偏差的持续性上存在差异。和成年人表现出显着的概率提示效应。所有三组也都表现出注意力梯度现象:当目标位于与丰富象限对角线而不是邻近的稀疏象限时,反应时间较慢。此外,两个儿童组在测试阶段都表现出持续的以自我为中心的注意力偏差。这些研究结果表明,显着知觉线索增强但没有减少概率线索效应,儿童和成人在概率线索效应方面具有相似的基本注意机制,儿童和成人在注意偏差的持续性上存在差异。而不是毗邻,丰富的象限。此外,两个儿童组在测试阶段都表现出持续的以自我为中心的注意力偏差。这些研究结果表明,显着知觉线索增强但没有减少概率线索效应,儿童和成人在概率线索效应方面具有相似的基本注意机制,儿童和成人在注意偏差的持续性上存在差异。而不是毗邻,丰富的象限。此外,两个儿童组在测试阶段都表现出持续的以自我为中心的注意力偏差。这些研究结果表明,显着知觉线索增强但没有减少概率线索效应,儿童和成人在概率线索效应方面具有相似的基本注意机制,儿童和成人在注意偏差的持续性上存在差异。

更新日期:2021-04-19
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