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Toward a Theory of Offense: Should You Feel Offended?
Philosophy Pub Date : 2021-04-19 , DOI: 10.1017/s0031819121000140
Chang Liu

The feeling of being offended, as a moral emotion, plays a key role in issues such as slurs, the offense principle, ethics of humor, etc. However, no adequate theory of offense has been developed in the literature, and it remains unclear what questions such a theory should answer. This paper attempts to fill the gap by performing two tasks. The first task is to clarify and summarize the questions of offense into two kinds, the descriptive questions (e.g., what features differentiate offense from similar moral states like anger?) and the normative questions (e.g., what are the conditions for taking offense to be apt?). The second task is to answer these questions by developing what I call ‘the violated norm theory of offense’. According to this theory, feeling offended entails that the norm one endorses is judged to be violated by the offender. Appealing to the violated norm enables this theory to answer the descriptive questions (e.g., taking offense differs from anger because of features like not requiring victims and the difficulty of animal offense) and the normative questions of offense (e.g., taking offense is apt only if the violated norm is universalizable).

中文翻译:

进攻理论:你应该感到被冒犯吗?

被冒犯的感觉作为一种道德情感,在诸如诽谤、冒犯原则、幽默伦理等问题中起着关键作用。然而,在文献中还没有发展出足够的冒犯理论,也不清楚是什么这样一个理论应该回答的问题。本文试图通过执行两项任务来填补这一空白。第一个任务是将冒犯的问题澄清和概括为两类,描述性问题(例如,什么特征将冒犯与愤怒等类似的道德状态区分开来?)和规范性问题(例如,冒犯的条件是什么?易于?)。第二个任务是通过发展我所谓的“违反规范的进攻理论”来回答这些问题。根据这一理论,感觉被冒犯意味着一个人认可的规范被判定为被冒犯者违反。
更新日期:2021-04-19
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