People in urban and rural areas are planting habitat patches for pollinators in response to growing public awareness of the risks of pollinator declines; yet research rarely has been undertaken to inform the composition of such patches. Determining which key functional plant traits to prioritize and how plant–pollinator interaction dynamics operate in these small-scale, fragmented patches is critical to ensuring the efficacy of pollinator restoration efforts across landscapes. We established small-scale (2.5 m diameter) experimental patches and manipulated plant diversity and resource level (nectar) to determine the effects on pollinator abundance, pollinator diversity, and plant–pollinator facilitation–competition dynamics. Our results showed that in small-scale habitat, plant diversity and resource availability significantly affected the abundance and diversity of pollinating insects. Specifically, the treatments that contained high-resource plant species increased pollinator abundance and diversity the most. Plant diversity increased pollinator diversity and abundance only in the absence of high-resource plants. Pollination facilitation was observed in high-resource treatments, but varied among plant species. Competition for pollinators was observed in high-diversity treatments but did not affect seed set for high-resource plants in any of the treatments. Our results suggest that managers or landowners planting small-scale pollinator habitat should prioritize including species with high nectar production, and secondarily, a diverse mix of species if space and resources allow. The protocols we used to monitor pollinators can be used by community science observers with limited training, expanding the potential for assessment of future pollinator habitat restoration projects. Shared research identifying features critical to effective restoration will help conserve plant–pollinator mutualisms across landscapes.

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功能多样性和便利化在小规模传粉媒介栖息地中的作用

城市和农村地区的人们正在为传粉媒介种植栖息地，以应对公众对传粉媒介减少风险的日益增长的认识；然而，很少进行研究来了解这些斑块的组成。确定优先考虑哪些关键功能性植物特性以及植物 - 传粉媒介相互作用动态如何在这些小规模、碎片化的斑块中运作，对于确保跨景观的传粉媒介恢复工作的有效性至关重要。我们建立了小规模（2.5 m 直径）实验斑块并操纵植物多样性和资源水平（花蜜），以确定对传粉媒介丰度、传粉媒介多样性和植物-传粉媒介促进-竞争动态的影响。我们的结果表明，在小规模栖息地中，植物多样性和资源可用性显着影响了传粉昆虫的丰度和多样性。具体而言，包含高资源植物物种的处理最能增加传粉媒介的丰度和多样性。只有在缺乏高资源植物的情况下，植物多样性才会增加传粉媒介的多样性和丰度。在高资源处理中观察到授粉促进，但在植物物种之间有所不同。在高多样性处理中观察到对传粉者的竞争，但在任何处理中都不影响高资源植物的结实。我们的结果表明，种植小规模传粉媒介栖息地的管理者或土地所有者应优先考虑花蜜产量高的物种，其次，如果空间和资源允许，则应优先考虑多样化的物种组合。我们用于监测传粉媒介的协议可供受过有限培训的社区科学观察员使用，从而扩大评估未来传粉媒介栖息地恢复项目的潜力。确定对有效恢复至关重要的特征的共享研究将有助于保护跨景观的植物 - 传粉媒介共生。