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Age-dependency of terminal ileum tissue resident memory T cell responsiveness profiles to S. Typhi following oral Ty21a immunization in humans
Immunity & Ageing ( IF 7.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-19 , DOI: 10.1186/s12979-021-00227-y
Jayaum S Booth 1, 2 , Eric Goldberg 3, 4 , Seema A Patil 3, 4 , Robin S Barnes 1 , Bruce D Greenwald 3, 4 , Marcelo B Sztein 1, 2, 3, 5
Affiliation  

The impact of aging on the immune system is unequivocal and results in an altered immune status termed immunosenescence. In humans, the mechanisms of immunosenescence have been examined almost exclusively in blood. However, most immune cells are present in tissue compartments and exhibit differential cell (e.g., memory T cells -TM) subset distributions. Thus, it is crucial to understand immunosenescence in tissues, especially those that are exposed to pathogens (e.g., intestine). Using a human model of oral live attenuated typhoid vaccine, Ty21a, we investigated the effect of aging on terminal ileum (TI) tissue resident memory T (TRM) cells. TRM provide immediate adaptive effector immune responsiveness at the infection site. However, it is unknown whether aging impacts TRM S. Typhi-responsive cells at the site of infection (e.g., TI). Here, we determined the effect of aging on the induction of TI S. Typhi-responsive TRM subsets elicited by Ty21a immunization. We observed that aging impacts the frequencies of TI-lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) TM and TRM in both Ty21a-vaccinated and control groups. In unvaccinated volunteers, the frequencies of LPMC CD103- CD4+ TRM displayed a positive correlation with age whilst the CD4/CD8 ratio in LPMC displayed a negative correlation with age. We observed that elderly volunteers have weaker S. Typhi-specific mucosal immune responses following Ty21a immunization compared to adults. For example, CD103+ CD4+ TRM showed reduced IL-17A production, while CD103- CD4+ TRM exhibited lower levels of IL-17A and IL-2 in the elderly than in adults following Ty21a immunization. Similar results were observed in LPMC CD8+ TRM and CD103- CD8+ T cell subsets. A comparison of multifunctional (MF) profiles of both CD4+ and CD8+ TRM subsets between elderly and adults also showed significant differences in the quality and quantity of elicited single (S) and MF responses. Aging influences tissue resident TM S. Typhi-specific responses in the terminal ileum following oral Ty21a-immunization. This study is the first to provide insights in the generation of local vaccine-specific responses in the elderly population and highlights the importance of evaluating tissue immune responses in the context of infection and aging. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT03970304 , Registered 29 May 2019 - Retrospectively registered).

中文翻译:

人类口服 Ty21a 免疫后回肠末端组织常驻记忆 T 细胞对伤寒沙门氏菌的反应特征的年龄依赖性

衰老对免疫系统的影响是明确的,并导致称为免疫衰老的免疫状态改变。在人类中,几乎只在血液中检查了免疫衰老的机制。然而,大多数免疫细胞存在于组织隔室中并表现出差异细胞(例如记忆T细胞-TM)亚群分布。因此,了解组织中的免疫衰老至关重要,尤其是那些暴露于病原体(例如肠道)的组织。我们使用口服伤寒减毒活疫苗 Ty21a 人体模型,研究了衰老对回肠末端 (TI) 组织驻留记忆 T (TRM) 细胞的影响。TRM 在感染部位提供即时的适应性效应免疫反应。然而,尚不清楚衰老是否会影响感染部位的 TRM S. Typhi 反应细胞(例如,TI)。这里,我们确定了衰老对由 Ty21a 免疫引起的 TI S. Typhi 响应性 TRM 亚群的诱导的影响。我们观察到,在 Ty21a 接种组和对照组中,衰老会影响 TI-固有层单核细胞 (LPMC) TM 和 TRM 的频率。在未接种疫苗的志愿者中,LPMC CD103-CD4+ TRM 的频率与年龄呈正相关,而 LPMC 中的 CD4/CD8 比率与年龄呈负相关。我们观察到,与成人相比,老年志愿者在 Ty21a 免疫后的伤寒沙门氏菌特异性黏膜免疫反应较弱。例如,CD103+ CD4+ TRM 显示 IL-17A 产生减少,而 CD103-CD4+ TRM 在老年人中的 IL-17A 和 IL-2 水平低于接受 Ty21a 免疫的成人。在 LPMC CD8+ TRM 和 CD103- CD8+ T 细胞亚群中观察到类似的结果。老年人和成人之间 CD4+ 和 CD8+ TRM 亚群的多功能 (MF) 配置文件的比较也显示引发的单 (S) 和 MF 反应的质量和数量存在显着差异。在口服 Ty21a 免疫后,衰老会影响回肠末端的组织驻留 TM S. Typhi 特异性反应。这项研究首次提供了在老年人群中产生局部疫苗特异性反应的见解,并强调了在感染和衰老的背景下评估组织免疫反应的重要性。该研究获得了机构审查委员会的批准,并在 ClinicalTrials.gov 上注册(标识符 NCT03970304,2019 年 5 月 29 日注册 - 回顾性注册)。老年人和成人之间 CD4+ 和 CD8+ TRM 亚群的多功能 (MF) 配置文件的比较也显示引发的单 (S) 和 MF 反应的质量和数量存在显着差异。在口服 Ty21a 免疫后,衰老会影响回肠末端的组织驻留 TM S. Typhi 特异性反应。这项研究首次提供了在老年人群中产生局部疫苗特异性反应的见解,并强调了在感染和衰老的背景下评估组织免疫反应的重要性。该研究获得了机构审查委员会的批准,并在 ClinicalTrials.gov 上注册(标识符 NCT03970304,2019 年 5 月 29 日注册 - 回顾性注册)。老年人和成人之间 CD4+ 和 CD8+ TRM 亚群的多功能 (MF) 配置文件的比较也显示引发的单 (S) 和 MF 反应的质量和数量存在显着差异。在口服 Ty21a 免疫后,衰老会影响回肠末端的组织驻留 TM S. Typhi 特异性反应。这项研究首次提供了在老年人群中产生局部疫苗特异性反应的见解,并强调了在感染和衰老的背景下评估组织免疫反应的重要性。该研究获得了机构审查委员会的批准,并在 ClinicalTrials.gov 上注册(标识符 NCT03970304,2019 年 5 月 29 日注册 - 回顾性注册)。
更新日期:2021-04-19
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