Carbonate minerals are common in marine and lacustrine records, and are frequently used for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. The sedimentary sequence of the endorheic Dead Sea and its precursors contain aragonite laminae that provide a detailed sedimentary archive of climatic, hydrologic, limnologic and environmental conditions since the Pleistocene. However, the interpretation of these archives requires a detailed understanding of CaCO₃ precipitation mechanisms and constraints, which are still debated. The implications of aragonite precipitation in the Dead Sea and in its late Pleistocene predecessor (Lake Lisan) were investigated in this study by mixing natural and synthetic brines with a synthetic bicarbonate solution that mimics flash-floods composition, with and without the addition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Aragonite precipitation was monitored, and precipitation rates and carbonate yields were calculated and are discussed with respect to modern aquatic environments. The experimental insights on aragonite precipitation are then integrated with microfacies analyses of the Dead Sea sediment record to reconstruct and constrain prevailing limnogeological processes and their hydroclimatic drivers under low (interglacial) and high (glacial) lake level stands. Aragonite precipitation took place within days to several weeks after the mixing of brine with a synthetic bicarbonate solution. Incubation time was proportional to bicarbonate concentration, and precipitation rates were partially influenced by ionic strength. Additionally, extracellular polymeric substances inhibited aragonite precipitation for several months after dilution. As for the lake's water budget, our calculations suggest that the precipitation of a typical aragonite lamina (0.5 mm thick) during high lake stand requires unreasonable freshwater inflow either by surface or subsurface sources. This discrepancy can be resolved by considering one or a combination of the following scenarios; (1) discontinuous aragonite deposition only over parts of the lake floor; (2) supply of additional carbonate flux (or fluxes) to the lake from aeolian dust and the remobilization and dissolution of dust deposits over the watershed; (3) carbonate production via oxidation of organic carbon by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Altogether, it is suggested that aragonite laminae thickness cannot be directly interpreted for quantitatively reconstructing the hydrological balance for the entire lake, but may still prove valuable for identifying inherent hydroclimatic periodicities at a single site.

碳酸盐矿物在海洋和湖相记录中很常见，并且经常用于古环境重建。内生性死海及其前体的沉积序列包含文石薄片，这些文石提供了自更新世以来气候，水文，森林学和环境条件的详细沉积档案。但是，对这些档案的解释需要对CaCO ₃的详细理解。降水机制和约束，目前仍在争论。在这项研究中，研究人员通过将天然盐水和合成盐水与模拟碳酸氢盐溶液的合成碳酸氢盐溶液混合，添加或不添加细胞外聚合物，研究了死海及其更新世晚期（利桑湖）中文石沉淀的影响。物质（EPS）。监测了文石的沉淀，计算了沉淀速率和碳酸盐收率，并就现代水生环境进行了讨论。然后将对文石降水的实验见解与死海沉积物记录的微相分析相结合，以重建和限制在低（冰间湖）和高（冰河）湖水位下的主要森林地质过程及其水文气候驱动因素。在盐水与合成碳酸氢盐溶液混合后的几天至几周内，发生了文石沉淀。孵育时间与碳酸氢盐浓度成正比，并且沉淀速率部分受离子强度的影响。另外，稀释后几个月，细胞外聚合物抑制文石沉淀。关于湖泊的水量预算，我们的计算表明，在高湖泊水位期间，典型文石片层（0.5毫米厚）的降水需要通过地表或地下来源造成不合理的淡水流入。可以通过考虑以下一种或多种情况来解决此差异；（1）不连续的文石仅沉积在湖底的部分区域；（2）从风尘中向湖泊提供额外的碳酸盐通量，以及流域上的尘埃沉积物的迁移和溶解；（3）通过还原硫酸盐的细菌氧化有机碳来生产碳酸盐。总之，建议不能直接解释文石薄片的厚度来定量地重建整个湖泊的水文平衡，但对于证明单个地点固有的水文气候周期性仍然可能是有价值的。