The event-related desynchronization (ERD), as a proxy for mirror neurons activity, has been used as a neurophysiological marker for motor execution after mirror visual feedback (MVF). Using EEG, this study investigated the ERD upon the immediate effects of a single session MVF in unimanual arm movements compared with the ERD effects occurring without a mirror, in two groups: stroke patients with left hemiplegia and their healthy counterparts. During EEG recordings, each group performed one session of mirror therapy training in three task conditions: with a mirror, with no mirror, and with a covered mirror. An asymmetry index was calculated from the subtraction of the event-related spectrum perturbations between the C3 and C4 electrodes located over the sensorimotor cortices contralateral and ipsilateral to the moved arm. Results of the effect of task versus group in contralateral and ipsilateral motor areas showed that there was a significant effect of task condition at the contralateral motor area in the high beta band (17-35 Hz) at C3. The high beta ERD showed that the suppression was greater over the contralateral hemisphere than it was over the ipsilateral hemisphere in both study groups. The magnitude of low beta (12-16 Hz) ERD in patients with stroke was more suppressed in contralesional C3 under the no-mirror compared to that of the covered-mirror and similarly more suppressed in ipsilesional C4 ERD under the no-mirror compared to that of the mirror condition. The correlation analysis revealed that the magnitude of ERSP power correlated significantly with arm severity in the low and high beta bands in patients with stroke, and a higher asymmetry index in the low beta band were associated with higher arm functioning under the no-mirror condition. There was a shift in sensorimotor ERD towards the contralateral hemisphere as induced by MVF accompanying unimannual movement in both stroke patients and healthy controls. The use of ERD in the low beta band as neurophysiological marker to indicate the relationships between the amount of MVF-induced ERD attenuation and motor severity, and outcome indicator for improving stroke patients’ neuroplasticity in clinical trials using MVF are warranted to be explored in future.

中文翻译：

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镜像视觉反馈过程中与事件相关的不同步：老年人和中风后人们的比较

事件相关的去同步（ERD）作为镜像神经元活动的代理，已被用作镜像视觉反馈（MVF）后运动执行的神经生理学标记。这项研究使用脑电图研究了两组在单次运动的MVF对单手手臂运动的即时影响与没有镜子的情况下发生的ERD的对比，这两组分别为：左偏瘫的中风患者和健康的同伴。在脑电图记录期间，每个小组在以下三个任务条件下进行一次镜子疗法培训：带镜子，不带镜子和带盖镜子。通过减去位于与运动臂对侧和同侧的感觉运动皮层上方的C3和C4电极之间的事件相关光谱扰动来计算不对称指数。任务对组对侧和同侧运动区域的影响结果表明，在C3的高β波段（17-35 Hz），对侧运动区域的任务状态有显着影响。高βERD显示，在两个研究组中，对侧半球的抑制作用均大于对侧半球的抑制作用。与无遮盖镜相比，无镜下对侧C3的中风患者低β（12-16 Hz）ERD的幅度比无镜下对同侧C4 ERD的抑制更强。镜像条件的条件。相关分析显示，脑卒中患者ERSP强度的大小与低和高β谱带中的手臂严重程度显着相关，低镜带中的较高不对称指数与无镜条件下较高的手臂功能有关。在中风患者和健康对照者中，MVF伴随单手运动引起的感觉运动ERD向对侧半球转移。在低β谱带中使用ERD作为神经生理学指标来表明MVF诱导的ERD衰减量与运动严重性之间的关系，以及在使用MVF的临床试验中改善卒中患者神经可塑性的结果指标，有待在未来进行探索。 。在中风患者和健康对照者中，MVF伴随单手运动引起的感觉运动ERD向对侧半球转移。在低β谱带中使用ERD作为神经生理学指标来表明MVF诱导的ERD衰减量与运动严重性之间的关系，以及在使用MVF的临床试验中改善卒中患者神经可塑性的结果指标，有待在未来进行探索。 。在中风患者和健康对照者中，MVF伴随单手运动引起的感觉运动ERD向对侧半球转移。在低β谱带中使用ERD作为神经生理学指标来表明MVF诱导的ERD衰减量与运动严重性之间的关系，以及在使用MVF的临床试验中改善卒中患者神经可塑性的结果指标，有待在未来进行探索。 。