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The sustainability–peace nexus in crisis contexts: how the Rohingya escaped the ethnic violence in Myanmar, but are trapped into environmental challenges in Bangladesh
Sustainability Science ( IF 6 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-19 , DOI: 10.1007/s11625-021-00955-6
Saleh Ahmed 1 , William Paul Simmons 2, 3 , Rashed Chowdhury 4 , Saleemul Huq 5
Affiliation  

Because of ethnic and cultural violence in Myanmar, approximately a million Rohingya fled to neighboring Bangladesh starting from August 2017, in what the UN has called a “textbook example of ethnic cleansing”. Those arriving in Bangladesh were able to escape decade-long ethnic violence in Myanmar, but the Rohingya’s immediate destination, Cox’s Bazar district is one of the most climate-vulnerable and disaster-prone areas in Bangladesh. Currently, they have been subjected to extreme rainfalls, landslides, and flashfloods. With the COVID-19 pandemic, they continue to face fear and further marginalization in resource-constrained Bangladesh, as well as increased vulnerability due to tropical cyclones, flashfloods, and landslides. The Rohingya in southeast Bangladesh are now at the epicenter of a humanitarian and sustainability crisis. However, their situation is not entirely unique. Millions of displaced, stateless or refugees around the world are facing multi-dimensional crises in various complex geopolitical, and climatic situations. Using the theoretical lens of political ecology and critical development studies, this paper analyzes the sustainability–peace nexus for millions of Rohingya in Myanmar and in Bangladesh. This paper is based on information from various sources, including three ethnographic field visits in recent years, which helped to get local insights into the current sustainability challenges in this humanitarian context. The core arguments of this paper suggest that sustainability–peace nexus will especially be compromised in climate-vulnerable resource-constrained conditions. To overcome this challenge, decolonizing Rohingya solutions would be critical, by engaging the Rohingya in the process of development and meaningful change, which can affect their lives, livelihoods, and wellbeing. Even though this paper has a specific geographical focus, the insights are relevant in parts of the world facing similar social, economic, political, and environmental challenges.



中文翻译:

危机背景下的可持续性与和平关系:罗兴亚人如何逃离缅甸的种族暴力,但在孟加拉国陷入环境挑战

由于缅甸的种族和文化暴力,从 2017 年 8 月开始,约有 100 万罗兴亚人逃往邻国孟加拉国,联合国称之为“种族清洗的教科书示例”。那些抵达孟加拉国的人能够逃脱缅甸长达十年的种族暴力,但罗兴亚人的直接目的地考克斯巴扎尔地区是孟加拉国最易受气候影响和灾害多发的地区之一。目前,它们遭受了极端降雨、山体滑坡和山洪暴发。随着 COVID-19 大流行,他们在资源有限的孟加拉国继续面临恐惧和进一步边缘化,以及由于热带气旋、山洪和山体滑坡而增加的脆弱性。孟加拉国东南部的罗兴亚人现在处于人道主义和可持续发展危机的中心。然而,他们的情况并非完全独特。世界各地数以百万计的流离失所者、无国籍者或难民在各种复杂的地缘政治和气候形势下面临着多维度的危机。利用政治生态学和批判性发展研究的理论视角,本文分析了缅甸和孟加拉国数百万罗兴亚人的可持续性与和平关系。本文基于来自各种来源的信息,包括近年来的三次民族志实地考察,这有助于当地了解当前人道主义背景下的可持续性挑战。本文的核心论点表明,在气候脆弱的资源受限条件下,可持续性与和平的关系尤其会受到损害。为了克服这一挑战,非殖民化罗兴亚解决方案至关重要,让罗兴亚人参与发展和有意义的变革过程,这会影响他们的生活、生计和福祉。尽管本文具有特定的地理重点,但这些见解与世界上面临类似社会、经济、政治和环境挑战的部分地区相关。

更新日期:2021-04-19
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