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Estimating the carbon footprint of the GRAND project, a multi-decade astrophysics experiment
Astroparticle Physics ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-19 , DOI: 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2021.102587
Clarisse Aujoux , Kumiko Kotera , Odile Blanchard

We present a pioneering estimate of the global yearly greenhouse gas emissions of a large-scale Astrophysics experiment over several decades: the Giant Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND). The project aims at detecting ultra-high energy neutrinos with a 200,000 radio antenna array over 200,000 km2 as of the 2030s. With a fully transparent methodology based on open source data, we calculate the emissions related to three unavoidable sources: travel, digital technologies and hardware equipment. We find that these emission sources have a different impact depending on the stages of the experiment. Digital technologies and travel prevail for the small-scale prototyping phase (GRANDProto300), whereas hardware equipment (material production and transportation) and data transfer/storage largely outweigh the other emission sources in the large-scale phase (GRAND200k). In the mid-scale phase (GRAND10k), the three sources contribute equally. This study highlights the considerable carbon footprint of a large-scale astrophysics experiment, but also shows that there is room for improvement. We discuss various lines of actions that could be implemented. The GRAND project being still in its prototyping stage, our results provide guidance to the future collaborative practices and instrumental design in order to reduce its carbon footprint.



中文翻译:

估算GRAND项目的碳足迹,这是一项历时数十年的天体物理学实验

我们提供了几十年来大规模天体物理学实验对全球年温室气体排放的开创性估计:中微子探测巨型阵列(GRAND)。该项目旨在利用200,000公里以上的200,000个无线电天线阵列检测超高能中微子2个截至2030年代。利用基于开源数据的完全透明的方法,我们可以计算与三种不可避免的排放源相关的排放量:旅行,数字技术和硬件设备。我们发现,根据实验的阶段,这些排放源会产生不同的影响。数字技术和旅行在小型原型阶段(GRANDProto300)中占主导地位,而在大型阶段(GRAND200k)中,硬件设备(材料生产和运输)和数据传输/存储大大超过了其他排放源。在中规模阶段(GRAND10k),这三个来源的贡献相等。这项研究强调了大规模天体物理学实验的可观碳足迹,但同时也表明仍有改进的空间。我们讨论了可以实施的各种行动。

更新日期:2021-05-14
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