In the past decades, ion conductive polymers and elastomers have drawn worldwide attention for their advanced functions in batteries, electroactive soft robotics, and sensors. Stretchable ionic elastomers with dispersed soft ionic moieties such as ionic liquids have gained remarkable attention as soft sensors, in applications such as the wearable devices that are often called electric skins. A considerable amount of research has been done on ionic-elastomer-based strain, pressure, and shear sensors; however, to the best of our knowledge, this research has not yet been reviewed. In this review, we summarize the materials and performance properties of engineered ionic elastomer actuators and sensors. First, we review three classes of ionic elastomer actuators—namely, ionic polymer metal composites, ionic conducting polymers, and ionic polymer/carbon nanocomposites—and provide perspectives for future actuators, such as adaptive four-dimensional (4D) printed systems and ionic liquid crystal elastomers (iLCEs). Next, we review the state of the art of ionic elastomeric strain and pressure sensors. We also discuss future wearable strain sensors for biomechanical applications and sports performance tracking. Finally, we present the preliminary results of iLCE sensors based on flexoelectric signals and their amplification by integrating them with organic electrochemical transistors.

在过去的几十年里，离子导电聚合物和弹性体因其在电池、电活性软机器人和传感器方面的先进功能而引起了全世界的关注。具有分散的软离子部分（例如离子液体）的可拉伸离子弹性体作为软传感器在诸如通常称为电子皮肤的可穿戴设备等应用中获得了极大的关注。已经对基于离子弹性体的应变、压力和剪切传感器进行了大量研究；然而，据我们所知，这项研究尚未经过审查。在这篇综述中，我们总结了工程离子弹性体执行器和传感器的材料和性能特性。首先，我们回顾了三类离子弹性体致动器——即离子聚合物金属复合材料、离子导电聚合物、和离子聚合物/碳纳米复合材料——并为未来的执行器提供前景，例如自适应四维 (4D) 打印系统和离子液晶弹性体 (iLCE)。接下来，我们回顾了离子弹性应变和压力传感器的最新技术。我们还讨论了未来用于生物力学应用和运动表现跟踪的可穿戴应变传感器。最后，我们展示了基于柔性电信号的 iLCE 传感器的初步结果，并通过将它们与有机电化学晶体管集成来进行放大。我们还讨论了未来用于生物力学应用和运动表现跟踪的可穿戴应变传感器。最后，我们展示了基于柔性电信号的 iLCE 传感器的初步结果，并通过将它们与有机电化学晶体管集成来进行放大。我们还讨论了未来用于生物力学应用和运动表现跟踪的可穿戴应变传感器。最后，我们展示了基于柔性电信号的 iLCE 传感器的初步结果，并通过将它们与有机电化学晶体管集成来进行放大。