We present the results of studying the passband properties of gyroklystrons theoretically and experimentally and analyze the main causes of limitations in the bandwidth of the frequencies that they amplify. It is shown that in the range of low beam currents, where the electron velocity spread is rather low, the amplification bandwidth of a two-cavity gyroklystron is close to the bandwidth of the output cavity loaded with an electron beam. In the range of high currents, the amplification bandwidth depends only weakly on the parameters of the output cavity and is determined mainly by the spread in the times of electron passing through the drift space, which is caused by the difference in their translational velocities. Good qualitative agreement of the calculated and experimental dependences indicates that the proposed method can be applied to the calculation and interpretation of frequency characteristics of gyroklystrons. The possibility to expand the passband of operating frequencies in the high-current region by decreasing the influence of the electron velocity spread on beam bunching in the three-cavity gyroklystron operating in the maximum acceleration regime is demonstrated experimentally. Theoretically, the developed method for calculation of frequency characteristics can be expanded to the case of a three-cavity gyroamplifier with slight modifications.

我们提供理论和实验研究陀螺速调管通带特性的结果，并分析其放大频率带宽限制的主要原因。结果表明，在低电子束流的范围内，电子速度的分布相当低，两腔回旋速调管的放大带宽接近于装有电子束的输出腔的带宽。在高电流范围内，放大带宽仅在很小程度上取决于输出腔的参数，并且主要由电子通过漂移空间的时间扩展决定，这是由电子的平移速度差异引起的。计算和实验相关性的良好定性一致性表明，该方法可用于回旋速调管的频率特性的计算和解释。通过实验证明了通过减小​​电子速度散布对在最大加速条件下工作的三腔回旋速调管中的束流束的影响来扩大大电流区域中工作频率通带的可能性。从理论上讲，所开发的用于计算频率特性的方法可以扩展到三腔陀螺放大器的情况，只需稍加修改即可。通过实验证明了通过减小​​电子速度散布对在最大加速条件下工作的三腔回旋速调管中的束流束的影响来扩大大电流区域中工作频率通带的可能性。从理论上讲，所开发的用于计算频率特性的方法可以扩展到三腔陀螺放大器的情况，只需稍加修改即可。通过实验证明了通过减小​​电子速度散布对在最大加速条件下工作的三腔回旋速调管中的束流束的影响来扩大大电流区域中工作频率通带的可能性。从理论上讲，所开发的用于计算频率特性的方法可以扩展到三腔陀螺放大器的情况，只需稍加修改即可。