Purpose of Review

With economic development and population increase, environmental pollution and water shortages have become inevitable global problems. Microalgae-based wastewater treatment technology can not only purify wastewater and solve environmental pollution problems but also use the nutrient elements in wastewater to produce algal biomass, which has attracted more and more attention. This work reviews the current status of microalgae bioremediation of wastewater, aiming to provide a reference for further research in this field.

Recent Findings

Microalgae have been proven to be used to treat municipal wastewater, agricultural wastewater, and industrial wastewater and can convert nutrients into biomass. In order to further improve the wastewater treatment efficacy and algal biomass productivity, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of microalgae to remove nutrients and pollutants from wastewater. Currently, open ponds and enclosed photobioreactors are used for large-scale cultivation of microalgae, and various harvesting technologies are developed to achieve low-cost capture of microalgae as much as possible. Microalgae are rich in pigments, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and antioxidants and can produce a variety of value-added products, making this biotechnology more cost-effective.

Summary

This review discusses the purification efficiencies of microalgae on wastewater from different sources and introduces the mechanism and influencing factors by which microalgae remove carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals, and antibiotics in details. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of different microalgae cultivation systems are analyzed. Finally, the different harvesting methods and the current application of microalgae biomass in various fields are summarized.

中文翻译：

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生物藻类和增值产品对微藻类废水的处理和回收：简述

审查目的

随着经济的发展和人口的增加，环境污染和水资源短缺已成为不可避免的全球性问题。基于微藻的废水处理技术不仅可以净化废水，解决环境污染问题，还可以利用废水中的营养元素生产藻类生物质，受到越来越多的关注。这项工作回顾了废水中微藻类生物修复技术的现状，旨在为该领域的进一步研究提供参考。

最近的发现

微藻已被证明可用于处理市政废水，农业废水和工业废水，并可将养分转化为生物质。为了进一步提高废水处理效率和藻类生物质生产率，有必要了解微藻去除废水中养分和污染物的机理。当前，开放池塘和封闭的光生物反应器用于大规模培养微藻，并且开发了各种收获技术以尽可能低成本地捕获微藻。微藻含有丰富的色素，蛋白质，脂质，碳水化合物，维生素和抗氧化剂，可以生产多种增值产品，从而使这种生物技术更具成本效益。

概括

这篇综述讨论了微藻对不同来源废水的净化效率，并详细介绍了微藻去除碳，氮，磷，重金属和抗生素的机理和影响因素。此外，分析了不同微藻培养系统的优缺点。最后，总结了微藻生物量的不同采集方法和当前在各个领域的应用。