Voting is a formal expression of opinion or choice, either positive or negative, made by an individual or a group of individuals. However, conventional voting systems tend to be centralized, which are known to suffer from security and efficiency limitations. Hence, there has been a trend of moving to decentralized voting systems, such as those based on blockchain. The latter is a decentralized digital ledger in a peer-to-peer network, where a copy of the append-only ledger of digitally signed and encrypted transactions is maintained by each participant. Therefore, in this article, we perform a comprehensive review of blockchain-based voting systems and classify them based on a number of features (e.g., the types of blockchain used, the consensus approaches used, and the scale of participants). By systematically analyzing and comparing the different blockchain-based voting systems, we also identify a number of limitations and research opportunities. Hopefully, this survey will provide an in-depth insight into the potential utility of blockchain in voting systems and device future research agenda.

中文翻译：

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区块链技术在投票系统中的应用

投票是个人或一群人对意见或选择的正式表达，无论是正面的还是负面的。然而，传统的投票系统往往是集中式的，众所周知，这些系统会受到安全性和效率的限制。因此，出现了转向分散投票系统的趋势，例如基于区块链的投票系统。后者是点对点网络中的去中心化数字账本，每个参与者都维护一份仅附加的数字签名和加密交易账本的副本。因此，在本文中，我们对基于区块链的投票系统进行了全面审查，并根据许多特征（例如，使用的区块链类型、使用的共识方法和参与者的规模）对其进行分类。通过系统地分析和比较不同的基于区块链的投票系统，我们还发现了一些限制和研究机会。希望这项调查能够深入了解区块链在投票系统和设备未来研究议程中的潜在效用。