ABSTRACT

Agriculture in Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) of India is facing challenges of food security, low factor productivity, lowest per capita landholding and natural resource sustainability in the changing climate. Prevalent rice-wheat system (RWS) in this region requires more labour, water and chemical inputs leading to excessive groundwater exploitation and soil degradation. Present enterprise mix diversification study was carried out to improve productivity, profitability and resource use efficiency of the smallholders in reclaimed sodic lands of IGP during 2007–2015 at ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India. Total 2.0 ha area was diversified under grain, vegetable, horticulture, fodder, fisheries, livestock and poultry production systems. This system produced ∼20% higher (13.3 tha⁻¹) rice equivalent yield (REY) than RWS(11.1 tha⁻¹). This system also generated 15.3% higher eight years average net income ($ 5363), than RWS ($ 4650/-), and 875 man-days/annum employment. By recycling this system used ∼50% lesser water than RWS and also improved soil health. On farm production and availability of cereals, vegetables, fruits, milk, eggs, fish, etc. in the system also to ensure food and nutritional security of the farm family. Overall the enterprise mix diversification system enhanced agricultural sustainability with higher productivity, income, employment generation and minimized climatic hazards.

摘要

印度印度恒河平原 (IGP) 的农业正面临着气候变化下的粮食安全、低要素生产率、最低人均土地拥有量和自然资源可持续性等挑战。该地区流行的稻麦系统（RWS）需要更多的劳动力、水和化学品投入，导致地下水过度开采和土壤退化。2007-2015 年期间，在印度卡纳尔的 ICAR-中央土壤盐度研究所开展了目前的企业组合多样化研究，以提高 IGP 开垦苏打土地小农的生产力、盈利能力和资源利用效率。粮食、蔬菜、园艺、饲料、渔业、畜禽生产系统的总面积为 2.0 公顷。该系统的产量高出 ∼20%（13.3 tha ^-1) 水稻当量产量 (REY) 高于 RWS(11.1 tha ^-1 )。该系统还产生了 15.3% 的八年平均净收入（5363 美元），比 RWS（4650 美元/-）和 875 个工作日/年的就业。通过回收该系统，该系统的用水量比 RWS 少 50%，而且还改善了土壤健康。对农场生产和供应谷物、蔬菜、水果、牛奶、鸡蛋、鱼等的系统也保证了农场家庭的粮食和营养安全。总体而言，企业组合多样化系统提高了农业可持续性，提高了生产力、收入、创造就业机会并最大限度地减少了气候危害。