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New perspectives of immunomodulation and neuroprotection in glaucoma
Central European Journal of Immunology ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-11 , DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2021.104329
Piotr Skopiński , Dorota Magdalena Radomska-Leśniewska , Justyna Izdebska , Anna Kamińska , Magdalena Kupis , Aleksander Kubiak , Katarzyna Samelska

Glaucoma is the neurodegenerative disease of retinal ganglion cells. The main risk factor for glaucoma is increased intraocular pressure. The processes leading to cell death due to presence of the injury factor comprise multiple molecular mechanisms, as well as the immunological response. The knowledge of immunological mechanisms occurring in glaucomatous degeneration makes it possible to introduce glaucoma treatment modulating the cellular degradation. The glaucoma treatment of the future will make it possible not only to lower the intraocular pressure, but also to moderate the intracellular mechanisms in order to prevent retinal cell degeneration. Citicoline is a drug modulating glutamate excitotoxicity that is already in use. Rho kinase inhibitors were found to stimulate neurite growth and axon regeneration apart from lowering intraocular pressure. The complementary action of brimonidine is to increase neurotrophic factor (NTF) concentrations and inhibit glutamate toxicity. Immunomodulatory therapies with antibodies and gene therapies show promising effects in the current studies. The supplementation of NTFs prevents glaucomatous damage. Resveratrol and other antioxidants inhibit reactive oxygen species formation. Cell transplantation of stem cells, Schwann cells and nerve extracts was reported to be successful so far. Our review presents the most promising new strategies of neuroprotection and immunomodulation in glaucoma.

中文翻译:

青光眼免疫调节和神经保护的新观点

青光眼是视网膜神经节细胞的神经退行性疾病。青光眼的主要危险因素是眼压升高。由于损伤因子的存在导致细胞死亡的过程包括多种分子机制以及免疫应答。在青光眼变性中发生的免疫机制的知识使得有可能引入调节细胞降解的青光眼治疗。未来的青光眼治疗将不仅可以降低眼内压,而且可以调节细胞内机制以防止视网膜细胞变性。Citicoline是一种已在使用的调节谷氨酸兴奋性毒性的药物。发现Rho激酶抑制剂除了降低眼内压之外,还刺激神经突生长和轴突再生。溴莫尼定的互补作用是增加神经营养因子(NTF)的浓度并抑制谷氨酸的毒性。抗体和基因疗法的免疫调节疗法在当前研究中显示出有希望的效果。补充NTFs可以预防青光眼的损害。白藜芦醇和其他抗氧化剂可抑制活性氧的形成。据报道,干细胞,雪旺细胞和神经提取物的细胞移植迄今是成功的。我们的综述提出了在青光眼中最有前途的神经保护和免疫调节新策略。抗体和基因疗法的免疫调节疗法在当前研究中显示出有希望的效果。补充NTFs可以预防青光眼的损害。白藜芦醇和其他抗氧化剂可抑制活性氧的形成。据报道,干细胞,雪旺细胞和神经提取物的细胞移植迄今是成功的。我们的综述提出了在青光眼中最有前途的神经保护和免疫调节新策略。抗体和基因疗法的免疫调节疗法在当前研究中显示出有希望的效果。补充NTFs可以预防青光眼的损害。白藜芦醇和其他抗氧化剂可抑制活性氧的形成。据报道,干细胞,雪旺细胞和神经提取物的细胞移植迄今是成功的。我们的综述提出了在青光眼中最有前途的神经保护和免疫调节新策略。
更新日期:2021-04-18
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