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Temperature regime influences accessions and effectiveness of germination promoters in the high-Andean crop maca
Agronomy Journal ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-16 , DOI: 10.1002/agj2.20688
David Valqui‐Peña 1 , Daniel Clark 2 , Ernesto Gianoli 3, 4 , Wilfredo L. Gonzáles 1
Affiliation  

High-Andean crops are precious resources for low-income farmers threatened by climate conditions. In the Puna region of the central Peruvian Andes, poor farmers grow maca (Lepidium meyenii Walpers), a root crop endemic to this region, under extreme environmental conditions. The performance ranking of crop accessions may vary with climate variability due to interactions between genotypes and the environment, but this issue has not been addressed for maca crops. Here we used three thermal setups under laboratory conditions and tested the effects of temperature regime, seed accession, and germination promoters on seed germination and seedling performance traits of maca plants. We found significant temperature × accession (T × A) interactions for most response variables, that is, the performance ranking of accessions varied with temperature regimes. The positive effects of promoters (gibberellic acid, GA; sodium hypochlorite, SH) on germination and seedling emergence variables were not additive and showed a clear trend to be greater at lower temperatures. Because available maca accessions still require the Andean Puna´s cold environment to develop their hypocotyls fully, the selection of accessions with better tolerance to higher temperatures should be taken as a long-term challenge. In the short term, our findings strongly suggest that maca growers might use GA as a promoter to overcome limitations imposed on seed germination and seedling emergence by low temperatures at the crop-growing areas.

中文翻译:

温度状况影响高安第斯作物玛咖中萌发促进剂的加入和有效性

高安第斯作物是受气候条件威胁的低收入农民的宝贵资源。在秘鲁安第斯山脉中部的普纳地区,贫穷的农民种植玛咖(Lepidium meyeniiWalpers),一种在极端环境条件下该地区特有的块根作物。由于基因型与环境之间的相互作用,作物品种的性能排名可能会随着气候变异而变化,但玛卡作物尚未解决这个问题。在这里,我们在实验室条件下使用了三种热设置,并测试了温度制度、种子加入和萌发促进剂对玛咖植物种子萌发和幼苗性能性状的影响。我们发现大多数响应变量存在显着的温度 × 种质 (T × A) 相互作用,即种质的性能排名随温度范围而变化。促进剂(赤霉酸,GA;次氯酸钠,SH) 对发芽和幼苗出苗变量的影响不是相加的,并且在较低温度下显示出更大的明显趋势。由于可用的玛咖种质仍然需要安第斯普纳的寒冷环境才能充分发育它们的下胚轴,因此选择对更高温度具有更好耐受性的种质应被视为一项长期挑战。在短期内,我们的研究结果强烈表明玛咖种植者可能会使用 GA 作为促进剂来克服作物种植区低温对种子萌发和幼苗出苗的限制。
更新日期:2021-04-16
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