Common property in Latin America is mostly managed by indigenous populations, which are in most of the cases located in remote settlements. Tenure regimes and remoteness are considered to influence the amount of income and type of products extracted from forests. Most of the previous studies could not assess to what extent the contribution of forests to livelihoods is mediated by either tenure regimes or remoteness. Current research attempts to fill this gap in the literature by focusing on the economic contribution of forest products to rural livelihoods under different tenure regimes, common and individual property, and levels of remoteness. We collected data from four hundred households located in fifty villages in lowland forest areas in the Loreto Region, in Peru. We used the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) index of poverty and the Gini coefficient to assess rural poverty and income inequality. The contribution of forest resources to total income and (in)equality is compared across different tenure regimes and different levels of remoteness. We provide evidence that forests are an important income source for the poorest households and this contribution is more pronounced among households living in villages under communal tenure regimes and remote areas. Forest income is significantly and negatively correlated with inequality under communal tenure regimes, but such a trend is not found in regions under private tenure. Game meat and non-timber forest products are the most important subsistence income sources for households living in remote villages and villages under common property regimes. This study illustrates that forests under common tenure are not only important from a conservation point of view, but also from a livelihood point of view, and this should be considered in both poverty policies and forest conservation and utilization policies.

拉丁美洲的共同财产主要由土著居民管理，在大多数情况下，这些居民位于偏远地区。权属制度和偏远地区被认为会影响收入和从森林中提取的产品类型。先前的大多数研究都无法评估森林对生计的贡献是由权属制度还是偏远地区介导的。当前的研究试图通过关注森林产品对不同权属制度，共同财产和个人财产以及偏远程度对农村生计的经济贡献来填补这一空白。我们从秘鲁洛雷托地区低地森林地区五十个村庄的四百个家庭收集了数据。我们使用了Foster-Greer-Thorbecke（FGT）贫困指数和基尼系数来评估农村贫困和收入不平等。在不同的权属制度和不同的偏远程度之间，比较了森林资源对总收入和（不平等）收入的贡献。我们提供的证据表明，森林是最贫困家庭的重要收入来源，而在社区所有制和偏远地区的农村家庭中，森林的贡献更为明显。在公有制下，森林收入与不平等显着负相关，但是在私有制下的地区却没有这种趋势。野味和非木材林产品是生活在偏远村庄和普通财产制度下的村庄的家庭最重要的生存收入来源。