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A power-challenging theory of society, or a conservative mindset? Upward and downward conspiracy theories as ideologically distinct beliefs
European Journal of Social Psychology ( IF 3.930 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-17 , DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2769
Kenzo Nera 1, 2 , Pascal Wagner‐Egger 3 , Paul Bertin 4 , Karen Douglas 5 , Olivier Klein 1
Affiliation  

Even though conspiracy theories are diverse, they are typically construed as a homogeneous phenomenon. Using classic theorizations of conspiracy theories by Popper and Moscovici, we propose to distinguish between belief in upward conspiracy theories (i.e., targeting relatively powerful groups) and downward conspiracy theories (i.e., targeting relatively powerless groups). The former are theorized as power-challenging beliefs and the latter are theorized as being underpinned by conservative ideology. Across three studies conducted in Belgium (total N = 2363), we show that these two types of conspiracy beliefs indeed relate differently to power-challenging attitudes (i.e., political extremism, feelings of leadership breakdown) and conservative ideology. Specifically, upward conspiracy beliefs were characterized by a U-shaped relationship with political orientation (i.e., an “extremism” bias), and a strong relationship with feelings of leadership breakdown. By contrast, downward conspiracy beliefs were strongly associated with conservative ideology. Both types of conspiracy beliefs were, however, positively correlated.

中文翻译:

挑战权力的社会理论,还是保守的心态?向上和向下的阴谋论作为意识形态上不同的信念

尽管阴谋论多种多样,但它们通常被解释为同质现象。使用 Popper 和 Moscovici 的经典阴谋论理论,我们建议区分相信向上的阴谋论(即,针对相对强大的群体)和向下的阴谋论(即,针对相对无权的群体)。前者被理论化为挑战权力的信念,而后者被理论化为以保守意识形态为基础。在比利时进行的三项研究中(总共N = 2363),我们表明这两种类型的阴谋信念确实与挑战权力的态度(即政治极端主义、领导层崩溃的感觉)和保守意识形态有不同的关系。具体而言,向上的阴谋信念的特点是与政治取向(即“极端主义”偏见)呈 U 型关系,并与领导力崩溃的感觉密切相关。相比之下,向下的阴谋信念与保守意识形态密切相关。然而,两种类型的阴谋信念都呈正相关。
更新日期:2021-04-17
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