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Source origin and ore-controlling factors of hydrothermal sulfides from the Tianzuo hydrothermal field, Southwest Indian Ridge
Ore Geology Reviews ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-17 , DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2021.104168
Hong Cao , Zhilei Sun , Zike Jiang , Aiguo Dong , Wei Geng , Xilin Zhang , Xin Li , Dawei Yan , Weiliang Liu

A newly confirmed hydrothermal sulfide ore hosted by ultramafic rocks was identified in the Tianzuo field on the Southwest Indian Ridge. In this study, detailed mineralogy, geochemistry, and stable isotope analyses were carried out to assess the source origin and mineralization of the Tianzuo field sulfide deposits. The mineralogical examination indicates that the massive sulfides recovered from the seafloor in this area exhibit multi-stage deposition features with four distinct mineralization stages. In terms of geochemistry, the deposit is characterized by high Fe (31.57–44.59 wt%), Co (up to 2400 ppm), and Ba contents (up to 47.89 ppm), and relatively low Cu + Zn (0.17–7.25 wt%) and Ni contents (3.74–30.6 ppm). These results somewhat different from the features of massive sulfides of the ultramafic-hosted ridge in the Atlantic Ocean. The elevated Ba and Co contents presumably reflect a contribution of deep gabbroic intrusions that, together with serpentinization, drove the high-temperature (~335 °C) hydrothermal vent activity in the Tianzuo field. The Co distribution is influenced by high-temperature and high-gradient conditions apart from the basement rock. In contrast, the depletion of Ni suggests that most of the Ni-rich sulfides are concentrated in the deep stockwork mineralization, whereas the low Cu + Zn content indicates a partial influence of the depleted mantle. With regard to isotopic composition, the sulfide in the Tianzuo field shows relatively heavy in situ S isotopic values, which implies that the widely developed transform faults and episodic hydrothermal events allowed cold seawater to repeatedly rinse the entire plumbing system. In comparison, the bulk Pb isotopic composition indicates that Pb in these sulfide deposits is mainly derived from the leaching of basalts and peridotites by seawater. By integrating all of the evidence, we demonstrate that, apart from the basement rock composition, the pervasive transform faults and multistage hydrothermal activity are important factors that affect the composition of the Tianzuo field sulfide.



中文翻译:

西南印度洋脊天左热液区热液硫化物的成因及控矿因素

在西南印度洋脊的天左油田中发现了一种由超镁铁质岩所包裹的新证实的热液硫化物矿石。在这项研究中,进行了详细的矿物学,地球化学和稳定的同位素分析,以评估田左田硫化物矿床的来源和成矿作用。矿物学检查表明,从该区域海底回收的块状硫化物表现出多阶段沉积特征,具有四个不同的成矿阶段。在地球化学方面,该矿床的特征是高铁(31.57–44.59 wt%),钴(最高2400 ppm)和钡含量(最高47.89 ppm)以及相对较低的铜+锌(0.17–7.25 wt%) )和镍含量(3.74–30.6 ppm)。这些结果与大西洋中超镁铁质岩脊的块状硫化物的特征有些不同。升高的Ba和Co含量大概反映了深辉长岩侵入体的贡献,再加上蛇纹石化作用,推动了天左油田的高温(〜335°C)热液喷口活动。除基底岩石外,Co分布还受高温和高梯度条件的影响。相反,镍的消耗表明大多数富镍的硫化物集中在深部的储层矿化中,而低的铜+锌含量则表明贫化的地幔有部分影响。就同​​位素组成而言,天左田中的硫化物相对较重 除基底岩石外,Co分布还受高温和高梯度条件的影响。相反,镍的消耗表明大多数富镍的硫化物集中在深部的储层矿化中,而低的铜+锌含量则表明贫化的地幔有部分影响。就同​​位素组成而言,天左田中的硫化物相对较重 除基底岩石外,Co分布还受高温和高梯度条件的影响。相反,镍的消耗表明大多数富镍的硫化物集中在深部的储层矿化中,而低的铜+锌含量则表明贫化的地幔有部分影响。就同​​位素组成而言,天左田中的硫化物相对较重原位S同位素值,这意味着广泛发育的转换断层和偶发的热液事件使冷海水能够反复冲洗整个管道系统。相比之下,大量的Pb同位素组成表明这些硫化物矿床中的Pb主要来自海水对玄武岩和橄榄岩的浸出。综合所有证据,我们证明,除了基岩成分外,普遍的转变断裂和多级热液活动是影响天左田硫化物成分的重要因素。

更新日期:2021-05-03
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