Preadolescence is a period in which structural and functional changes occur in brain network reorganization that relate to the development of executive control functions, particularly in the areas of attention and cognitive inhibition. Obesity has been associated with a deficit in executive functions and behavioral and electrophysiological differences using the go/no-go task (proactive inhibition), but no study has assessed brain-electrical activity using the stop-signal task (reactive inhibition) in this population. Therefore, we hypothesized that obese preadolescents would show less efficiency in reactive inhibition than their same-age non-obese peers. To test this hypothesis, event-related potentials (ERPs) were collected during a stop-signal task and compared between 27 obese preadolescents (mean BMI = 25.9; 9.65 years old) and 29 normal-weight preadolescents (mean BMI = 17.5; 9.60 years old). No significant differences between groups were observed in behavioral responses. As for ERPs, the obese group had an electrophysiological pattern associated with less efficient conflict monitoring during the “no-go” condition (i.e., less modulation of N200 latency based on the experimental condition), differences in attentional allocation in the “go” condition (less modulation of P300a latency based on experimental condition), and difficulties in rule retrieval from working memory associated with the trial-type in both experimental conditions (smaller P300b amplitude). We conclude that obese preadolescents displayed less ability to modulate conflict-monitoring in the “no-go” condition and attention allocation in the “go” condition, evidencing differences between groups in the development of attention and inhibitory control.

青春期前是大脑网络重组发生结构和功能变化的时期，与执行控制功能的发展有关，特别是在注意力和认知抑制领域。肥胖与使用去/不去任务（主动抑制）的执行功能缺陷以及行为和电生理差异有关，但没有研究使用停止信号任务（反应性抑制）评估该人群的脑电活动. 因此，我们假设肥胖的青春期前儿童的反应抑制效率低于同龄的非肥胖同龄人。为了验证这一假设，在停止信号任务期间收集了事件相关电位 (ERP)，并在 27 名肥胖的青春期前儿童（平均 BMI = 25.9；9. 65 岁）和 29 名正常体重的青春期前儿童（平均 BMI = 17.5；9.60 岁）。在行为反应方面没有观察到组之间的显着差异。至于 ERP，肥胖组的电生理模式与“禁止”条件下的冲突监测效率较低（即，基于实验条件的 N200 潜伏期调制较少）、“开始”条件下注意力分配的差异（基于实验条件对 P300a 延迟的调制较少），以及在两种实验条件下（较小的 P300b 幅度）从与试验类型相关的工作记忆中检索规则的困难。我们得出的结论是，肥胖的青春期前儿童在“不走”条件下调节冲突监控和在“走”条件下注意力分配的能力较差，