当前位置:
X-MOL 学术
›
Ecol. Manag. Restor.
›
论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Biosecurity risks related to recycling of mollusc shell waste for shellfish reef restoration in Australia
Ecological Management & Restoration ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-16 , DOI: 10.1111/emr.12472 Ben K. Diggles
Ecological Management & Restoration ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-16 , DOI: 10.1111/emr.12472 Ben K. Diggles
A risk analysis was undertaken to assess the biosecurity risks involved with recycling mollusc shell waste for restoration of shellfish reefs in Australia. The hazard identification stage identified 20 diseases and 14 groups of marine pests upon which detailed risk assessment was undertaken. The qualitative risk assessment process involved release, exposure and consequence assessment, to arrive at an unmitigated risk estimation as well as risk estimates for several shell treatments, including 3, 4 or 6 months desiccation in sunlight, exposure to hot water at 55°C for 10 min or 80°C for 5 min, bathing in freshwater for > 24 h or in vinegar (4% acetic acid) for 30 min. The effectiveness of these treatments as risk management options were then compared to inform development of protocols for biosecure treatment of mollusc shells. The appropriate level of protection (ALOP) was expressed in qualitative terms as ‘very low’, representing an annual probability between 1 in 20 and 1 in 100 years. The outcomes from the risk analysis indicated that heating recycled mollusc shells in water at 80°C for > 5 min would meet the ALOP for all pests and diseases of concern. This method has limited throughput, however, and thus may be useful only for pilot scale restoration projects. Desiccation of mollusc shells in sunlight for 4 months at > 20°C was also within the ALOP for all hazards examined. However, if ambient weather conditions at the recycling facility prevent the shell pile drying out or exceeding 20°C for several months of the year, extending the desiccation period to 6 months with at least one shell turnover is recommended to provide sufficient safety margin to ensure the ALOP is met. Desiccation of mollusc shells can be undertaken at vast scales at minimal cost, and thus appears suitable for shellfish restoration at environmentally meaningful scales.
中文翻译:
与回收软体动物壳废物用于澳大利亚贝类礁体修复相关的生物安全风险
进行了风险分析,以评估回收软体动物贝壳废物以恢复澳大利亚贝类珊瑚礁所涉及的生物安全风险。危害识别阶段确定了 20 种疾病和 14 组海洋有害生物,并对其进行了详细的风险评估。定性风险评估过程涉及释放、暴露和后果评估,以得出未减轻的风险评估以及几种壳处理的风险评估,包括在阳光下干燥 3、4 或 6 个月,暴露在 55°C 的热水中10 分钟或 80°C 5 分钟,在淡水中浸泡 > 24 小时或在醋(4% 醋酸)中浸泡 30 分钟。然后将这些处理作为风险管理选项的有效性进行比较,以便为软体动物壳的生物安全处理方案的制定提供信息。适当的保护水平 (ALOP) 用定性术语表示为“非常低”,代表年概率在 20 年一到 100 年之间。风险分析的结果表明,在 80°C 的水中加热回收的软体动物壳 > 5 分钟将满足所有相关病虫害的 ALOP。然而,这种方法的吞吐量有限,因此可能仅适用于中试规模的恢复项目。对于所有检查的危害,在 20°C 以上的阳光下干燥软体动物壳 4 个月也在 ALOP 范围内。但是,如果回收设施的环境天气条件阻止贝壳堆在一年中的几个月内变干或超过 20°C,建议将干燥期延长至 6 个月,至少换一次壳,以提供足够的安全裕度,以确保满足 ALOP。软体动物壳的干燥可以以最低的成本在大范围内进行,因此似乎适合在环境有意义的规模上进行贝类恢复。
更新日期:2021-06-14
中文翻译:
与回收软体动物壳废物用于澳大利亚贝类礁体修复相关的生物安全风险
进行了风险分析,以评估回收软体动物贝壳废物以恢复澳大利亚贝类珊瑚礁所涉及的生物安全风险。危害识别阶段确定了 20 种疾病和 14 组海洋有害生物,并对其进行了详细的风险评估。定性风险评估过程涉及释放、暴露和后果评估,以得出未减轻的风险评估以及几种壳处理的风险评估,包括在阳光下干燥 3、4 或 6 个月,暴露在 55°C 的热水中10 分钟或 80°C 5 分钟,在淡水中浸泡 > 24 小时或在醋(4% 醋酸)中浸泡 30 分钟。然后将这些处理作为风险管理选项的有效性进行比较,以便为软体动物壳的生物安全处理方案的制定提供信息。适当的保护水平 (ALOP) 用定性术语表示为“非常低”,代表年概率在 20 年一到 100 年之间。风险分析的结果表明,在 80°C 的水中加热回收的软体动物壳 > 5 分钟将满足所有相关病虫害的 ALOP。然而,这种方法的吞吐量有限,因此可能仅适用于中试规模的恢复项目。对于所有检查的危害,在 20°C 以上的阳光下干燥软体动物壳 4 个月也在 ALOP 范围内。但是,如果回收设施的环境天气条件阻止贝壳堆在一年中的几个月内变干或超过 20°C,建议将干燥期延长至 6 个月,至少换一次壳,以提供足够的安全裕度,以确保满足 ALOP。软体动物壳的干燥可以以最低的成本在大范围内进行,因此似乎适合在环境有意义的规模上进行贝类恢复。