Symptomatic heart failure (HF) patients despite optimal medical therapy and advances such as invasive hemodynamic monitoring remain challenging to manage. While cardiac resynchronization therapy remains a highly effective therapy for a subset of HF patients with wide QRS, a majority of symptomatic HF patients are poor candidates for such. Recently, cardiac contractility modulation, neuromodulation based on carotid baroreceptor stimulation, and phrenic nerve stimulation have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and are emerging as therapeutic options for symptomatic HF patients. This state-of-the-art review examines the role of these evolving electrical therapies in advanced HF.

中文翻译：

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用于晚期心力衰竭患者的心脏电疗法的发展

尽管有最佳药物治疗和侵入性血流动力学监测等进步，但症状性心力衰竭 (HF) 患者仍然难以管理。虽然心脏再同步治疗对于一部分具有宽 QRS 波的 HF 患者仍然是一种非常有效的治疗方法，但大多数有症状的 HF 患者不适合这种治疗。最近，心脏收缩性调节、基于颈动脉压力感受器刺激的神经调节和膈神经刺激已获得美国食品和药物管理局的批准，并且正在成为有症状的 HF 患者的治疗选择。这篇最先进的综述研究了这些不断发展的电疗法在晚期 HF 中的作用。