This paper reviews the research literature analysing the uneven geographical distribution of cultural industries across the global urban system. We begin by discussing the two major conceptual links between cultural industries and urban economies: (1) production processes becoming more flexible and specialised, and (2) the symbolic-oriented and place-rooted identities of cultural products. This has provided the backcloth for a wide-ranging urban-geographical research agenda exploring cultural industries, and here the focus is on how these industries are unevenly distributed, implemented and shaped across the global urban system. Cultural industries' dependence on a large pool of creative labour, extensive local networks of suppliers, access to tacit knowledge, and synergies based on spatial proximity all strengthen their agglomeration in a limited number of major metropolitan areas. However, the cultural economy also increasingly thrives in a range of smaller and remote cities as these have succeeded integrating into global cultural production networks and/or carved out a niche in increasingly differentiated consumer markets. In addition, because the economic importance of cultural production is expanding rapidly across the globe, we are seeing an increasingly polycentric urban geography with new global cultural centres emerging on the map.

中文翻译：

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全球城市系统中文化产业的地理分布

本文回顾了分析全球城市系统中文化产业地域分布不均的研究文献。我们首先讨论文化产业和城市经济之间的两个主要概念联系：(1) 生产过程变得更加灵活和专业化，以及 (2) 文化产品的符号导向和地方性身份。这为探索文化产业的广泛城市地理研究议程提供了背景，这里的重点是这些产业如何在全球城市系统中不均衡地分布、实施和塑造。文化产业依赖大量的创意劳动力、广泛的本地供应商网络、获得隐性知识、基于空间邻近性的协同效应都加强了它们在有限数量的主要大都市区的集聚。然而，文化经济在一系列较小和偏远的城市也越来越繁荣，因为这些城市成功地融入了全球文化生产网络和/或在日益分化的消费市场中开辟了一个利基市场。此外，由于文化生产的经济重要性在全球范围内迅速扩大，我们看到一个日益多中心的城市地理，地图上出现了新的全球文化中心。文化经济在一系列较小和偏远的城市也日益繁荣，因为这些城市成功地融入了全球文化生产网络和/或在日益分化的消费市场中开辟了一个利基市场。此外，由于文化生产的经济重要性在全球范围内迅速扩大，我们看到一个日益多中心的城市地理，地图上出现了新的全球文化中心。文化经济在一系列较小和偏远的城市也日益繁荣，因为这些城市成功地融入了全球文化生产网络和/或在日益分化的消费市场中开辟了一个利基市场。此外，由于文化生产的经济重要性在全球范围内迅速扩大，我们看到一个日益多中心的城市地理，地图上出现了新的全球文化中心。