ABSTRACT

In the aftermath of a peace agreement, the demobilisation of armed combatants from the field of war is taken as an indication of improved security. However, in many contexts, the withdrawal of armed groups also represents the dismantling of informal sources of order for local communities. Drawing from work on rebel governance and the local turn in peace-building, I argue that rebel orders shape security experiences even after a rebel group demobilises. In Colombia, following demobilisation of the Armed Revolutionary Forces of Colombia (FARC), local communities framed their insecurity in the face of other armed groups – including government forces – by invoking features of order previously provided by the FARC. I introduce the concept of relational security indicators, building on Mac Ginty’s everyday peace indicators, to incorporate the influence of rebel order on subjective evaluations of security. Through an inductive qualitative approach in the Departments of Antioquia and Nariño, I identified two features of FARC order, protection and structure, that framed communities’ experience of insecurity in their absence. Communities had to address the dual legacies of rebel order and violence in order to make sense of the uncertainty they faced after the FARC’s demobilisaton. Work on rebel governance has largely excluded the legacy of rebel order post-demobilisation, while local peace-building studies rarely consider the experience of local communities through the lens of rebel order. The recent demobilisation of a long-standing example of ‘rebel ruler’ such as the FARC offers an insight into how communities invoke the legacy of rebel order to evaluate and understand their insecurity during conflict transitions.

摘要

在达成和平协议之后，武装战斗人员从战场上复员被视为安全性得到改善的标志。但是，在许多情况下，武装团体的撤离也代表着当地社区秩序的非正式来源的瓦解。我从反叛者治理和建设和平的地方转变中汲取了经验，我认为即使在反叛者集团动荡之后，反叛者的命令也会影响安​​全经验。在哥伦比亚，哥伦比亚武装革命力量（FARC）复员后，当地社区通过援引哥伦比亚革命武装力量先前提供的命令功能，面对包括政府军在内的其他武装团体，将自己的不安全状况定为现实。我以Mac Ginty的日常和平指标为基础，介绍关系安全指标的概念，整合叛乱秩序对安全性的主观评估的影响。通过在安蒂奥基亚和纳里尼奥省采用归纳定性方法，我确定了哥伦比亚革命武装力量的两个特征，保护和结构，这些特征勾勒了社区在他们不在时的不安全感。社区必须解决叛乱秩序和暴力的双重遗产，以便了解哥伦比亚革命武装力量复员后他们所面临的不确定性。关于叛乱治理的工作在很大程度上消除了叛乱后复员的遗产，而地方建设和平研究很少通过叛乱秩序的角度来考虑当地社区的经验。