The present paper is the second of two companion papers on the investigations of wave overtopping flow striking a cylinder, which is the schematisation of a human body, on the crest of an impermeable sloped seawall with a deep foreshore. This paper numerically examines the detailed characteristics of the overtopping flow and the force on the cylinder in-line with the flow direction by using a volume-of-fluid (VOF) based Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model. The numerical model is successfully validated against the experimental data on the wave overtopping flow depth and the inline force on the cylinder. The characteristics of the overtopping flow velocity are analysed using the validated numerical model. It is observed that the maximum depth-averaged flow velocity usually occurs before the maximum flow depth during an overtopping event, and decay of the overtopping velocity is much slower than the flow depth along the seawall crest. For plunging-breaker cases, the overtopping force on the cylinder usually comprises a cycle of a first impact peak, a main peak and a secondary peak. However, for surging-breaker cases, it is largely dominated by the main peak. The first impact peak is due to the impact of the tip of the overtopping flow on the cylinder, which usually has a higher flow velocity than the main stream. The main peak is generated by the asymmetric pressure distribution around the cylinder, which co-occurs with the maximum local momentum flux of the overtopping flow. As the force decreases after the main peak, there sometimes exists a secondary peak, which is formed by the complex free surface motion locally behind the cylinder. Additional numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the applicability of a simple maximum force predictor developed in Part I. A prototype-scale simulation of irregular waves overtopping a sloped seawall is conducted to obtain the maximum force. The predictor also gives the maximum force in a wave-by-wave manner using the incident wave condition. These two approaches produce very similar estimates, suggesting that the predictor can be used for engineering applications.

这篇论文是两篇关于波浪冲顶流撞击圆柱体的研究论文中的第二篇，圆柱体是人体的示意图，位于具有深前滩的不透水倾斜海堤的顶部。本文通过使用基于流体体积 (VOF) 的雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯 (RANS) 模型，数值研究了溢流的详细特征和与流动方向一致的圆柱体上的力。该数值模型成功地验证了波浪越过水流深度和圆柱体上的内联力的实验数据。使用经过验证的数值模型分析了溢流速度的特征。据观察，在越顶事件期间，最大深度平均流速通常发生在最大流深之前，溢流速度的衰减远慢于沿海堤波峰的水流深度。对于插式破碎锤，气缸上的越顶力通常包括第一冲击峰、主峰和次峰的循环。但是，对于涌动破浪的情况，主要以主峰为主。第一个冲击峰是由于过顶流的尖端对圆柱的冲击，通常比主流具有更高的流速。主峰是由圆柱周围的不对称压力分布产生的，它与溢出流的最大局部动量通量共同出现。随着力在主峰之后减小，有时会出现次峰，这是由圆柱体后面局部复杂的自由表面运动形成的。提供了额外的数值实验来证明在第 I 部分中开发的一个简单的最大力预测器的适用性。进行不规则波浪越过倾斜海堤的原型规模模拟以获得最大力。预测器还使用入射波条件以逐波方式给出最大力。这两种方法产生非常相似的估计，表明预测器可用于工程应用。