The article explores how social interaction is accomplished through intertwined verbal and bodily conduct, focusing on directive actions that include a second-person imperative form of the Finnish verb katsoa ‘to look’, typically kato. The study draws on video recordings of various outdoor activities in nature, mostly from family interaction with small children, and employs interactional linguistics and conversation analysis as its analytic framework. The directive kato actions in focus are produced 1) as noticings, to initiate a new course of action by directing the recipient to look at and possibly talk about a target that the speaker treats as newsworthy; 2) as showings, to initiate an evaluative course of action by directing the recipient to look at and align with the speaker’s stance toward the target; or 3) as prompts, to contribute to an ongoing course of action by directing the recipient to do something relevant to or with the target. Apart from the use of kato, the actions differ in their design. In noticings, the target is typically named verbally and pointed at through embodied means, but the participants remain at some distance from it (e.g. kato muurahaispesä tuossa ‘look an anthill there’). In showings, the participant producing the action typically approaches the recipient with the target in hand so that the naming of the target is not necessary but, by evaluating the target themselves, the shower explicates how the target should be seen (e.g. kato kuinka jättejä ‘look how giant {ones}’). In prompts, neither the target nor the intended action are named, but the target is typically indicated by embodied means, for example, by the participants' approaching and pointing at it, and the intended action is inferable from the participants’ prior conduct (e.g. kato tuossa ‘look there’ and pointing at a berry in the participants’ vicinity when berry picking has been established as relevant). By examining these three grammar-body assemblages, the article uncovers regularities in the co-occurrence of multiple modalities and contributes to new understandings of language use in its natural ecology – in co-present social interaction.

中文翻译：

---

语言与运动的身体：在自然相关活动中芬兰加藤“神色”的指示性行动

本文探讨了如何通过交织的言语和身体行为来实现社会互动，重点是指示性动作，包括芬兰动词katsoa“要看”（通常为kato）的第二人称祈求形式。该研究借鉴了自然界中各种户外活动的录像，这些录像大部分来自与小孩的家庭互动，并采用互动语言学和对话分析作为其分析框架。产生的指令性kato动作是：1）作为通知，通过引导接收者观察并可能谈论说话者认为具有新闻价值的目标来启动新的动作过程；2）如图所示，通过指导接受者观察说话者对目标的立场并与之保持一致，从而启动评估行动；或3）作为提示，通过指导接受者做与目标有关或与目标有关的事情来为正在进行的行动做出贡献。除了使用kato之外，这些动作在设计上也有所不同。在注意到时，目标通常是用口头方式命名的，并通过具体方式指出，但参与者与目标保持一定距离（例如，katomuurahaispesätuossa“在那儿看蚁丘”）。在放映中，进行动作的参与者通常会手持目标物接近接收者，因此无需命名目标物，但通过自己评估目标物，淋浴可以阐明应如何看待目标物（例如kato kuinkajättejä'看看{ones}有多大”）。在提示中，既未指定目标，也未指定预期的动作，但是通常通过体现方式（例如，由参与者的 接近并指向它，则预期的动作可从参与者的先前行为中推论得出（例如，kato tuossa“看那里”，并在确定了采摘浆果的情况下指向参与者附近的一颗浆果）。通过研究这三种语法-身体组合，本文揭示了多种形式同时出现的规律性，并有助于人们在自然生态中-在共同存在的社会互动中，对语言使用有了新的认识。