In Northeast China and the areas along Sichuan-Tibet railway, collision between floating ice and piers of railway bridges seriously threatens the train operation safety. The safety of high-speed train running on the bridge subject to the impact of floating ice collision is rarely assessed considering the spatial interaction of the train-track-bridge-ice system. To evaluate the running safety and ride comfort of trains and the structural stability of railway bridges under the collision between floating ices and piers, a train-track-bridge (TTB) dynamic interaction model considering the impact of floating ice is established. Using the refined finite element model, the collision process of floating ice on bridge pier is simulated, and the impact loads are employed as the excitation input of the TTB dynamics model. Taking a 5 × 32 m simply-supported bridges as a case study, the influence of bridge structural parameters on the floating ice collision system is investigated, and then the dynamic responses of the TTB system induced by the floating ice impact loads are analyzed in detail. Finally, the effect of the ice impact loads on the running safety of the high-speed train is revealed. Results show that under the floating ice impact loads, the angle of the pier sharp-nose (APSN) and lateral stiffness of foundations are the key parameters that influence the dynamic responses of the bridge, and an improperly small lateral stiffness of foundation would lead to an instability of bridge structure. The influence of ice impact loads on the dynamic responses of the train is remarkable. The lateral vibration acceleration, derailment factor and lateral wheel rail force caused by the ice impact loads are all greater than those caused by the track irregularity, while the wheel unloading rate is slightly smaller. In addition, the running speed of train is also closely related to the running safety and ride comfort when the collision occurs. When the train speed exceeds 400 km/h, the train passing through the bridge would have the possibility of derailment.

在东北地区和川藏铁路沿线地区，浮冰与铁路桥墩的碰撞严重威胁着列车的运行安全。考虑到火车-轨道-桥-冰系统的空间相互作用，很少评估在浮冰碰撞的影响下在桥上行驶的高速火车的安全性。为了评估列车在浮冰与桥墩碰撞下的运行安全性和乘坐舒适性以及铁路桥梁的结构稳定性，建立了考虑浮冰影响的列车－轨道－桥梁（TTB）动力相互作用模型。使用改进的有限元模型，模拟了浮冰在桥墩上的碰撞过程，并将冲击载荷作为TTB动力学模型的激励输入。以5×32 m简支桥梁为例，研究桥梁结构参数对浮冰碰撞系统的影响，然后详细分析了浮冰冲击载荷对TTB系统的动力响应。 。最后，揭示了冰冲击载荷对高速列车运行安全性的影响。结果表明，在浮冰冲击荷载作用下，墩尖角（APSN）的角度和地基的侧向刚度是影响桥梁动力响应的关键参数，如果基体的侧向刚度过小，则会导致桥梁结构的不稳定性。冰撞击载荷对列车动力响应的影响非常明显。横向振动加速度，由冰冲击载荷引起的脱轨系数和横向轮轨力均大于由轨道不平顺引起的脱轨系数和横向轮轨力，而车轮的卸载率则略小。此外，火车的行驶速度也与发生碰撞时的行驶安全性和乘坐舒适性密切相关。当火车速度超过400 km / h时，通过桥梁的火车可能会脱轨。