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Ecological footprint, human capital, and urbanization
Energy & Environment ( IF 3.154 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-14 , DOI: 10.1177/0958305x211008610
Yang Chen 1 , Chien-Chiang Lee 2, 3 , Ming Chen 1
Affiliation  

The rapid development of the world economy has been accompanied by a significant increase in ecological footprint. Represented by population agglomeration, urbanization has exacerbated environmental pressure, but the improvements in the levels of human capital may offset this negative impact. This research thus uses cross-country data from 110 economies over the period 1990–2016 to explore the correlations among human capital, urbanization, and ecological footprint. The findings show that first, from a global perspective, human capital initially increases and then reduces ecological footprint. The analysis based on sub-samples shows that human capital of the high-income group decreases ecological footprint, whereas human capital of the low-income group and that of countries with large populations raise ecological footprint. Second, urbanization plays a linear moderating role in human capital’s impact on the ecological footprint. The higher the level of urbanization is, the higher is the turning point of human capital that is needed to improve environmental quality. Third, when the population size is larger or ecological footprint is greater, the turning point of human capital is higher under the same urbanization level. Therefore, countries should continue to enhance human capital to promote the upgrading of industrial structure, green technology innovation, and changes in energy-saving lifestyle. Moreover, it is beneficial for countries to pay close attention to the negative impact of population size or accelerated urbanization on environmental quality.



中文翻译:

生态足迹,人力资本和城市化

世界经济的快速发展伴随着生态足迹的显着增加。以人口聚集为代表的城市化加剧了环境压力,但人​​力资本水平的提高可能抵消了这种负面影响。因此,本研究使用了1990年至2016年期间来自110个经济体的跨国数据来探索人力资本,城市化与生态足迹之间的相关性。研究结果表明,首先,从全球的角度来看,人力资本首先增加,然后减少了生态足迹。基于子样本的分析表明,高收入群体的人力资本减少了生态足迹,而低收入群体的人力资本和人口众多国家的人力资本却增加了生态足迹。第二,城市化在人力资本对生态足迹的影响中起着线性的调节作用。城市化水平越高,改善环境质量所需的人力资本转折点就越高。第三,当人口规模更大或生态足迹更大时,在相同的城市化水平下,人力资本的转折点会更高。因此,各国应继续增加人力资本,以促进产业结构升级,绿色技术创新和节能生活方式的改变。此外,各国密切关注人口规模或城市化进程加快对环境质量的不利影响,对各国有利。改善环境质量所需的人力资本转折点越高。第三,当人口规模更大或生态足迹更大时,在相同的城市化水平下,人力资本的转折点会更高。因此,各国应继续增加人力资本,以促进产业结构升级,绿色技术创新和节能生活方式的改变。此外,各国密切关注人口规模或城市化进程加快对环境质量的不利影响,对各国有利。改善环境质量所需的人力资本转折点越高。第三,当人口规模更大或生态足迹更大时,在相同的城市化水平下,人力资本的转折点会更高。因此,各国应继续增加人力资本,以促进产业结构升级,绿色技术创新和节能生活方式的改变。此外,各国密切关注人口规模或城市化进程加快对环境质量的不利影响,对各国有利。因此,各国应继续增加人力资本,以促进产业结构升级,绿色技术创新和节能生活方式的改变。此外,各国密切关注人口规模或城市化进程加快对环境质量的不利影响,对各国有利。因此,各国应继续增加人力资本,以促进产业结构升级,绿色技术创新和节能生活方式的改变。此外,各国密切关注人口规模或城市化进程加快对环境质量的不利影响,对各国有利。

更新日期:2021-04-15
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