Environmental changes, such as sea level rise and coastal erosion, have an increasing impact on coastlines worldwide. Unilaterally declared maritime limits are generally determined by reference to coastlines and they are only binding insofar as they conform to the applicable law. Bilateral maritime boundaries are not equally affected by changing coastal geography because, once established, they are binding on parties to the arrangement under the pacta sunt servanda and res judicata principles. Maritime delimitation generally produces geographically stable boundaries. In principle, these remain fixed notwithstanding changes to the coastal geography that generates maritime entitlements or the ecosystems central to national interests. Indeed, stability and predictability are among the objectives of maritime delimitation. However, legal stability can be achieved without geographic stability and the requirement of predictability may be unattainable in a new world of environmental uncertainty. After all, baselines and derived outer limits fluctuate to reflect changing coastal geography and the same is true of bilateral boundaries, unless and until otherwise agreed. States have concluded boundary agreements that refer to fluctuating concepts, such as the equidistance line, instead of fixed co-ordinates. Furthermore, the International Court of Justice has left a segment of a maritime boundary to fluctuate until otherwise agreed and a Chamber of the Court has addressed the possibility of establishing a boundary by reference to a fluid oceano-biological boundary in the marine environment. This suggests that maritime boundaries can fluctuate if established by reference to sufficiently clear and relevant limits in the natural environment.

中文翻译：

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在不断变化的海洋环境中波动的边界

海平面上升和海岸侵蚀等环境变化对全球海岸线的影响越来越大。单方面宣布的海上界限通常参照海岸线确定，并且仅在符合适用法律的情况下才具有约束力。双边海洋边界不会同样受到沿海地理变化的影响，因为一旦确定，它们就对《协定》下安排的各方具有约束力。契约必须遵守和既判力原则。海洋划界通常会产生地理上稳定的边界。原则上，尽管产生海洋权利的沿海地理或对国家利益至关重要的生态系统发生了变化，但这些仍然是固定的。事实上，稳定性和可预测性是海洋划界的目标之一。然而，在没有地理稳定性的情况下也可以实现法律稳定性，在环境不确定的新世界中，可预测性的要求可能无法实现。毕竟，基线和导出的外部界限会随着沿海地理的变化而波动，双边边界也是如此，除非另有约定。各国已经缔结的边界协议涉及波动的概念，例如等距离线，而不是固定的坐标。此外，国际法院已让一段海洋边界保持波动，直到另行商定为止，法院的一个分庭已经讨论了通过参考海洋环境中的流体海洋生物边界来建立边界的可能性。这表明，如果参照自然环境中足够明确和相关的限制来建立海洋边界，则可能会发生波动。