In the 1960s, farmers pressed trespass charges against aid workers providing assistance to agricultural laborers living on the farmers’ private property. Some of the first court decisions to address these types of trespass, such as the well-known and frequently taught State v. Shack (1971), limited the property rights of farmers and enabled aid workers to enter camps where migrants lived. Yet there was a world before Shack, a world in which farmers welcomed onto their land rural religious groups, staffed largely by women from the local community, who provided services to migrant workers. From the 1940s through the 1960s, federal, state, and local law left large gaps in labor protections and government services for migrant agricultural laborers in Michigan. In response, church women created rural safety nets that mobilized local generosity and provided aid. This article uses Michigan as a case study to argue that these informal safety nets also policed migrant morality, maintained rural segregation, and performed surveillance of community outsiders, thereby serving the farmers’ goals of having a reliable and cheap labor force—ultimately strengthening the economic and legal structures that left agricultural workers vulnerable.

中文翻译：

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密歇根州移民农场工人的农村社会安全网，1942-1971

在 1960 年代，农民向援助人员提出非法侵入指控，这些援助人员向生活在农民私有财产上的农业工人提供援助。一些针对此类非法侵入的法院判决，例如众所周知且经常被教导的 State v. Shack (1971)，限制了农民的财产权，并使援助人员能够进入移民居住的营地。然而，在 Shack 之前有一个世界，一个农民欢迎农村宗教团体来到他们的土地上的世界，这些团体主要由当地社区的妇女提供服务，她们为农民工提供服务。从 1940 年代到 1960 年代，联邦、州和地方法律在密歇根州移民农业劳工的劳工保护和政府服务方面存在巨大差距。作为回应，教会妇女建立了农村安全网，动员当地慷慨解囊并提供援助。本文以密歇根州为案例研究，认为这些非正式安全网还监督移民道德，维持农村隔离，并对社区外人进行监督，从而服务于农民拥有可靠和廉价劳动力的目标——最终加强经济以及使农业工人易受伤害的法律结构。