Agmatine (AGM) is known for its protective effects including neuroprotection, nephroprotection, gastroprotection, cardioprotection, and glucoprotection. Studies have validated the neuroprotective role of AGM as antidepressant, anxiolytic, locomotive, and antipsychotic agent in psychopathologies. Fluoxetine (FLX) is the most extensively prescribed antidepressant while methylphenidate (MPD) is the most frequently prescribed psychoactive stimulant for ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) treatment worldwide. The mechanism of action of FLX and MPD involves reuptake inhibition of serotonin and dopamine and norepinephrine at presynaptic transporters. Present study was designed to determine the safety and efficacy of AGM administration along with conventional antidepressant and psychostimulative drugs. The study also aimed to establish underlying mechanism of action of AGM at monoamine reuptake transporters. AGM significantly ameliorated locomotion in activity box and open field while anxiolytic behaviors in light/dark transition box and EPM were also improved (p<0.01). The growth and appetite of animals were enhanced along with antidepressive behavior in FST (p<0.01). Moreover, co-administration of AGM with FLX or MPD improved rats’ behaviors as compared to single AGM administration. Present study determined the significant anxiolytic, locomotor, and antidepressive effects of AGM compared with FLX and MPD. The study also showed improved behaviors of rats treated with combined doses of AGM with FLX or MPD along with food intake and body weights. This study has also proposed the potential mechanism of action of AGM at monoamine receptors that may lead to inhibition of monoamine reuptake transporters that may lead to increase in 5-HT, D, and NE concentrations at synaptic level.

中文翻译：

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胍丁胺拮抗单胺再摄取转运蛋白可改善与氟西汀和哌醋甲酯相当的抗焦虑和机车行为

胍丁胺（AGM）以其保护作用而闻名，包括神经保护，肾保护，胃保护，心脏保护和葡萄糖保护。研究已经证实AGM在精神病理学中作为抗抑郁药，抗焦虑药，机车药和抗精神病药的神经保护作用。氟西汀（FLX）是最广泛使用的抗抑郁药，而哌醋甲酯（MPD）是世界范围内用于ADHD（注意力不足过动症）治疗的最常用处方精神兴奋剂。FLX和MPD的作用机制涉及在突触前转运蛋白上抑制5-羟色胺和多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素的再摄取。本研究旨在确定AGM与常规抗抑郁药和精神刺激药一起给药的安全性和有效性。该研究还旨在建立AGM在单胺再摄取转运蛋白上的基本作用机制。AGM显着改善了活动盒和开放视野中的运动，而明暗过渡盒和EPM中的抗焦虑行为也得到了改善（p <0.01）。在FST中，动物的生长和食欲以及抗抑郁行为均得到增强（p <0.01）。此外，与单次AGM给药相比，将AGM与FLX或MPD共同给药可改善大鼠的行为。目前的研究确定了与FLX和MPD相比，AGM具有显着的抗焦虑，运动和抗抑郁作用。该研究还显示，用AGM与FLX或MPD联合剂量治疗的大鼠的行为以及食物摄入量和体重得到改善。