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Calibrating the Amplitude and Phase Imbalances in AgileDARN HF Radar
Radio Science ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-14 , DOI: 10.1029/2020rs007138 X. Deng 1, 2, 3 , A. L. Lan 1, 3 , J. Y. Yan 1, 3 , L. Wu 3 , J. Wu 3 , J. J. Zhang 1, 3 , H. B. Qiu 4
Radio Science ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-14 , DOI: 10.1029/2020rs007138 X. Deng 1, 2, 3 , A. L. Lan 1, 3 , J. Y. Yan 1, 3 , L. Wu 3 , J. Wu 3 , J. J. Zhang 1, 3 , H. B. Qiu 4
Affiliation
The Agile Dual Auroral Radar Network (AgileDARN) radar has been developed as an all‐digital high‐frequency (HF) coherent scatter radar. Based on phased array antenna and digital signal processing techniques, digital beam forming (DBF) is employed for both transmission and reception, which steers toward the desired direction based on the relative phases within the array elements. However, the amplitude and phase imbalances among channels will lead to substantial degradation of DBF performance, including the beam direction deviation, broadening of the main lobe, deteriorated side lobes, antenna gain degradation, and ultimately affects the radar detection accuracy. Here, we present a complete method for calibrating these imbalances in transceivers and linear array elements in AgileDARN radar: internal calibration and external calibration. During the internal calibration, the calibration signals with the same amplitude and phase as the multi‐pulse sequence are sent to all transceivers internally. The variance of the outputs illustrates the transceivers' imbalances and can be processed to implement calibration. Further, the meteor echoes and linear least squares fitting method are employed for external calibration, which calibrates the amplitude and phase imbalances among the cables and phased array elements. The technique has been successfully implemented, and we present the results of measured data observed by the AgileDARN HF radar before and after calibration.
中文翻译:
校准AgileDARN HF雷达的幅度和相位不平衡
敏捷双极光雷达网络(AgileDARN)雷达已开发为全数字高频(HF)相干散射雷达。基于相控阵天线和数字信号处理技术,数字波束形成(DBF)用于传输和接收,它们会根据阵列元素内的相对相位转向所需的方向。但是,通道之间的幅度和相位不平衡将导致DBF性能大幅下降,包括波束方向偏差,主瓣变宽,旁瓣恶化,天线增益下降,并最终影响雷达检测精度。在这里,我们介绍了一种用于校准AgileDARN雷达中收发器和线性阵列元件中这些不平衡的完整方法:内部校准和外部校准。在内部校准过程中,具有与多脉冲序列相同的幅度和相位的校准信号被内部发送到所有收发器。输出的变化说明了收发器的不平衡,可以进行处理以实现校准。此外,流星回波和线性最小二乘拟合方法用于外部校准,该方法校准了电缆和相控阵元件之间的幅度和相位不平衡。该技术已成功实施,我们展示了校准前后AgileDARN HF雷达观测到的测量数据结果。不平衡,可以进行处理以实现校准。此外,流星回波和线性最小二乘拟合方法用于外部校准,该方法校准了电缆和相控阵元件之间的幅度和相位不平衡。该技术已成功实施,我们展示了校准前后AgileDARN HF雷达观测到的测量数据结果。不平衡,可以进行处理以实现校准。此外,流星回波和线性最小二乘拟合方法用于外部校准,该方法校准了电缆和相控阵元件之间的幅度和相位不平衡。该技术已成功实施,我们展示了校准前后AgileDARN HF雷达观测到的测量数据结果。
更新日期:2021-04-29
中文翻译:
校准AgileDARN HF雷达的幅度和相位不平衡
敏捷双极光雷达网络(AgileDARN)雷达已开发为全数字高频(HF)相干散射雷达。基于相控阵天线和数字信号处理技术,数字波束形成(DBF)用于传输和接收,它们会根据阵列元素内的相对相位转向所需的方向。但是,通道之间的幅度和相位不平衡将导致DBF性能大幅下降,包括波束方向偏差,主瓣变宽,旁瓣恶化,天线增益下降,并最终影响雷达检测精度。在这里,我们介绍了一种用于校准AgileDARN雷达中收发器和线性阵列元件中这些不平衡的完整方法:内部校准和外部校准。在内部校准过程中,具有与多脉冲序列相同的幅度和相位的校准信号被内部发送到所有收发器。输出的变化说明了收发器的不平衡,可以进行处理以实现校准。此外,流星回波和线性最小二乘拟合方法用于外部校准,该方法校准了电缆和相控阵元件之间的幅度和相位不平衡。该技术已成功实施,我们展示了校准前后AgileDARN HF雷达观测到的测量数据结果。不平衡,可以进行处理以实现校准。此外,流星回波和线性最小二乘拟合方法用于外部校准,该方法校准了电缆和相控阵元件之间的幅度和相位不平衡。该技术已成功实施,我们展示了校准前后AgileDARN HF雷达观测到的测量数据结果。不平衡,可以进行处理以实现校准。此外,流星回波和线性最小二乘拟合方法用于外部校准,该方法校准了电缆和相控阵元件之间的幅度和相位不平衡。该技术已成功实施,我们展示了校准前后AgileDARN HF雷达观测到的测量数据结果。