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Asymmetric impacts on Mars’ polar vortices from an equinoctial Global Dust Storm
Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-14 , DOI: 10.1029/2020je006774
Paul M. Streeter 1 , Stephen R. Lewis 1 , Manish R. Patel 1, 2 , James A. Holmes 1 , Anna A. Fedorova 3 , David M. Kass 4 , Armin Kleinböhl 4
Affiliation  

Mars possesses dynamical features called polar vortices: regions of cold, isolated air over the poles circumscribed by powerful westerly jets which can act as barriers to transport to dust, water, and chemical species. The 2018 Global Dust Storm was observed by multiple orbiters and offers a valuable opportunity to study the effects of such a storm on polar dynamics. To this end, we assimilate data from the Mars Climate Sounder and Atmospheric Chemistry Suite into a Mars Global Climate Model. We find that the storm had asymmetrical hemispherical impacts, with the northern vortex remaining relatively robust while the southern vortex was substantially diminished in its intensity. We propose that this asymmetry was due both to the storm’s latitudinal extent, as it extended further south than north, and to its equinoctial timing, occurring as the southern vortex was already decaying. We show that both polar vortices, in particular the northern, were reduced in ellipticity by the storm. There was a well‐correlated reduction in stationary topographic wave activity at high latitudes in both hemispheres. We demonstrate that the characteristic elliptical martian polar vortex shape is the pattern of the stationary waves, which was suppressed by the shifting of the polar jet away from regions of high mechanical forcing (north) or reduction of polar jet intensity by a reduced meridional temperature gradient (south). These asymmetric effects suggest increased transport into the southern (but not northern) polar region during Global Dust Storms at northern autumn equinox, and more longitudinally symmetric transport around both poles.

中文翻译:

一场等尘的全球沙尘暴对火星极涡的不对称影响

火星具有被称为极地涡旋的动力学特征:两极上方冷,孤立的空气区域被强大的西风射流所包围,这些西风射流可作为向尘埃,水和化学物质传输的障碍。多个轨道飞行器观测到了2018年全球沙尘暴,这为研究此类风暴对极地动力学的影响提供了宝贵的机会。为此,我们将来自“火星气候探测器”和“大气化学套件”的数据吸收到了“火星全球气候模型”中。我们发现风暴具有不对称的半球影响,北部涡流保持相对强劲,而南部涡流的强度大大降低。我们认为,这种不对称性不仅是由于风暴的纬度范围(它向南延伸得比北方更远),而且还取决于它的等时性,发生在南部漩涡已经腐烂的时候。我们显示,风暴使两个极地涡旋,特别是北极涡旋的椭圆率都降低了。在两个半球的高纬度地区,固定地形波的活动均具有良好的相关性。我们证明了椭圆形火星极地涡旋的特征形状是固定波的模式,这被极地射流从高机械力(北)区域移开或极地射流强度因子午温度梯度降低而受到抑制。 (南)。这些不对称效应表明,在北部秋分的全球沙尘暴期间,向南部(而非北部)极地地区的输运增加,并且在两个极点附近的输运更加纵向对称。我们显示,风暴使两个极地涡旋,特别是北极涡旋的椭圆率都降低了。在两个半球的高纬度地区,固定地形波的活动均具有良好的相关性。我们证明了椭圆形火星极地涡旋的特征形状是固定波的模式,这被极地射流从高机械力(北)区域移开或极地射流强度因子午温度梯度降低而受到抑制。 (南)。这些不对称效应表明,在北部秋分的全球沙尘暴期间,向南部(而非北部)极地地区的输运增加,并且在两个极点附近的输运更加纵向对称。我们显示,风暴使两个极地涡旋,特别是北极涡旋的椭圆率都降低了。在两个半球的高纬度地区,固定地形波的活动均具有良好的相关性。我们证明了特征椭圆形火星极地涡旋形状是固定波的模式,这被极地射流从高机械力(北)区域移开或极地射流强度因子午温度梯度降低而受到抑制(南)。这些不对称效应表明,在北部秋分的全球沙尘暴期间,向南部(而非北部)极地地区的输运增加,并且在两个极点附近的输运更加纵向对称。在两个半球的高纬度地区,固定地形波的活动均具有良好的相关性。我们证明了椭圆形火星极地涡旋的特征形状是固定波的模式,这被极地射流从高机械力(北)区域移开或极地射流强度因子午温度梯度降低而受到抑制。 (南)。这些不对称效应表明,在北部秋分的全球沙尘暴期间,向南部(而非北部)极地地区的输运增加,并且在两个极点附近的输运更加纵向对称。在两个半球的高纬度地区,固定地形波的活动均具有良好的相关性。我们证明了椭圆形火星极地涡旋的特征形状是固定波的模式,这被极地射流从高机械力(北)区域移开或极地射流强度因子午温度梯度降低而受到抑制。 (南)。这些不对称效应表明,在北部秋分的全球沙尘暴期间,向南部(而非北部)极地地区的输运增加,并且在两个极点附近的输运更加纵向对称。我们证明了椭圆形火星极地涡旋的特征形状是固定波的模式,这被极地射流从高机械力(北)区域移开或极地射流强度因子午温度梯度降低而受到抑制。 (南)。这些不对称效应表明,在北部秋分的全球沙尘暴期间,向南部(而非北部)极地地区的输运增加,并且在两个极点附近的输运更加纵向对称。我们证明了椭圆形火星极地涡旋的特征形状是固定波的模式,这被极地射流从高机械力(北)区域移开或极地射流强度因子午温度梯度降低而受到抑制。 (南)。这些不对称效应表明,在北部秋分的全球沙尘暴期间,向南部(但不是北部)极地地区的输运增加,并且在两个极点附近的输运方向更为纵向对称。
更新日期:2021-04-15
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