Brazil has been severely hit by COVID-19, with rapid spatial spread of both cases and deaths. We used daily data on reported cases and deaths to understand, measure, and compare the spatiotemporal pattern of the spread across municipalities. Indicators of clustering, trajectories, speed, and intensity of the movement of COVID-19 to interior areas, combined with indices of policy measures, show that although no single narrative explains the diversity in the spread, an overall failure of implementing prompt, coordinated, and equitable responses in a context of stark local inequalities fueled disease spread. This resulted in high and unequal infection and mortality burdens. With a current surge in cases and deaths and several variants of concern in circulation, failure to mitigate the spread could further aggravate the burden.

巴西因COVID-19遭受了严重打击，病例和死亡均在空间上迅速扩散。我们使用每日报告的病例和死亡数据来了解，衡量和比较各个城市的时空分布。COVID-19向内陆地区移动的集聚，轨迹，速度和强度指标以及政策措施指标表明，尽管没有单一的叙述能说明传播的多样性，但实施迅速，协调，在明显的局部不平等的情况下，公正的应对措施助长了疾病的蔓延。这导致很高的和不平等的感染和死亡负担。鉴于目前案件和死亡人数激增以及流通中令人关注的几种变体，未能缓解传播可能进一步加重负担。