Floods after monsoon rains are frequent disasters that affect millions of lives in Pakistan. Human lives are lost, agriculture economies are destroyed, and livestock animals, houses, fruit farms, and crops are lost which are the major livelihoods of thousands of people in Punjab. Each year there are heavy rains in the monsoon season and, due to global warming, there is the rapid melting of snow in northern glaciers; these factors subsequently cause floods. There is also loss of life due to the spread of waterborne diseases and snake bites. Flood monitoring provides early detection of a flood and the calculation of its intensity, which results in reduced human life losses and economic losses. Most casualties are caused by the lack of timely real-time, authentic information about the high-risk areas, and flood intensity, speed, and direction. Therefore, the proposed approach is centered on formal modeling and verification of safety and liveness properties of flood monitoring perceivers. Each flood perceiver has several sensors. It requires the collection of information starting from the flood perceiver, observer, and environmental forecast. This information is processed to determine the flood intensity level. We have developed a CP-Nets’ formal model and model-checked it. We have verified the safety and liveness properties of correctness by exhaustive verification of the system using model-based proof obligations (Event-B method using Rodin). Our objective in this research is to propose a correct, reliable, and efficient flood warning, monitoring, and rescue (WMR) SoS based on formal methods. We have used formal modeling and model-checking based on state-of-the-art hierarchical CP-Nets supported by exhaustive formal proof obligations of Event-B.

中文翻译：

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洪水预警，监控和救援系统的正式建模，验证和模型检查

季风雨后的洪水是频繁发生的灾害，影响了巴基斯坦数百万人的生命。生命的丧失，农业经济的破坏以及牲畜，房屋，水果农场和农作物的丧失，这是旁遮普邦成千上万人的主要谋生手段。每年的季风季节都会下大雨，由于全球变暖，北部冰川的积雪迅速融化。这些因素随后导致洪水泛滥。由于水传播疾病和蛇咬伤的传播，也造成生命损失。洪水监测提供了洪水的早期检测和洪水强度的计算，从而减少了人类的生命损失和经济损失。造成重大人员伤亡的原因是缺乏有关高风险地区以及洪水强度，速度和方向的及时，实时的真实信息。因此，所提出的方法集中于洪水监控感知者的形式模型和安全性和活泼性的验证。每个洪灾感知器都有几个传感器。它要求从洪水感知者，观察者和环境预测开始收集信息。处理该信息以确定洪水强度等级。我们已经开发了CP-Nets的正式模型并对其进行了模型检查。通过使用基于模型的证明义务（使用Rodin的Event-B方法）对系统进行详尽的验证，我们已经验证了正确性的安全性和活跃性。我们在这项研究中的目标是基于形式化方法提出正确，可靠和有效的洪水预警，监视和救援（WMR）SoS。