Groundwater is widely used for irrigation and drinking purposes. Therefore, assessing groundwater quality is very important for sustainable agricultural irrigation and human welfare. In this study, different water quality indices including electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio, permeability index, sodium percentage, Langelier saturation index, residual sodium carbonate, magnesium ratio (MR), Kelly index (KI), potential salinity (PS), and irrigation water quality index (IWQI) were evaluated to determine the suitability for irrigation. The drinking water quality index (DWQI) was used to assess the suitability for drinking purposes. Spatial distribution maps were created by the ordinary kriging method, using the best semivariogram model parameters for each quality index. The Gaussian model gave the best results for all parameters except for MR and PS. Results from the study area showed that 86.1% of EC, 15.4% of KI, and 52.1% of MR were unsuitable for irrigation purposes, and none of the wells were fit for drip irrigation. The IWQI value was above 70 in 51.2% of this area, which is suitable for irrigation of all plants, whereas it was determined that about 13% of all areas are unsuitable for drinking purposes with regard to DWQI.

中文翻译：

---

使用不同质量指数和地质统计学方法评估乔鲁姆省（土耳其）用于灌溉和饮用的地下水质量*

地下水被广泛用于灌溉和饮用。因此，评估地下水质量对于可持续农业灌溉和人类福祉非常重要。本研究中，不同的水质指标包括电导率（EC）、钠吸附率、渗透率指数、钠百分比、Langelier饱和指数、残留碳酸钠、镁比（MR）、凯利指数（KI）、潜在盐度（PS）和灌溉水质指数 (IWQI) 进行评估以确定灌溉的适宜性。饮用水质量指数（DWQI）用于评估是否适合饮用。空间分布图是通过普通克里金法创建的，使用每个质量指标的最佳半变异函数模型参数。除了 MR 和 PS 之外，高斯模型对所有参数给出了最好的结果。研究区结果显示，86.1%的EC、15.4%的KI和52.1%的MR不适合灌溉，没有一口井适合滴灌。该地区有51.2%的地区IWQI值在70以上，适合所有植物的灌溉，而在DWQI方面，确定所有地区约有13%的地区不适合饮用。