Abstract

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), also called Müllerian inhibiting substance, was shown to be synthesized by the ovary in the 1980s. This article reviews the main findings of the past 20 years on the regulation of the expression of AMH and its specific receptor AMHR2 by granulosa cells, the mechanism of action of AMH, the different roles it plays in the reproductive organs, its clinical utility, and its involvement in the principal pathological conditions affecting women. The findings in respect of regulation tell us that AMH and AMHR2 expression is mainly regulated by bone morphogenetic proteins, gonadotropins, and estrogens. It has now been established that AMH regulates the different steps of folliculogenesis and that it has neuroendocrine effects. On the other hand, the importance of serum AMH as a reliable marker of ovarian reserve and as a useful tool in the prediction of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and primary ovarian failure has also been acknowledged. Last but not least, a large body of evidence points to the involvement of AMH in the pathogenesis of PCOS.

中文翻译：

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女性生殖中的抗苗勒管激素

摘要

抗苗勒管激素 (AMH)，也称为苗勒管抑制物质，在 1980 年代被证明是由卵巢合成的。本文综述了近 20 年来颗粒细胞对 AMH 及其特异性受体 AMHR2 表达调控的主要研究成果、AMH 的作用机制、其在生殖器官中的不同作用、其临床应用和临床应用。它参与影响妇女的主要病理状况。调节方面的发现告诉我们，AMH和AMHR2的表达主要受骨形态发生蛋白、促性腺激素和雌激素的调节。现在已经确定 AMH 调节卵泡发生的不同步骤，并具有神经内分泌作用。另一方面，血清AMH作为卵巢储备的可靠标志物和作为预测多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）和原发性卵巢衰竭的有用工具的重要性也已得到承认。最后但同样重要的是，大量证据表明 AMH 参与 PCOS 的发病机制。