Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for the growth and development of plants. Soybean (Glycine max) is an important food crop that is grown worldwide. Soybean yield is significantly affected by P deficiency in the soil. To investigate the molecular factors that determine the response and tolerance at low-P in soybean, we conducted a comparative proteomics study of a genotype with low-P tolerance (Liaodou 13, L13) and a genotype with low-P sensitivity (Tiefeng 3, T3) in a paper culture experiment with three P treatments, i.e. P-free (0 mmol·L−1), low-P (0.05 mmol·L−1) and normal-P (0.5 mmol·L−1). A total of 4126 proteins were identified in roots of the two genotypes. Increased numbers of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were obtained from low-P to P-free conditions compared to the normal-P treatment. All DEPs obtained in L13 (660) were upregulated in response to P deficiency, while most DEPs detected in T3 (133) were downregulated under P deficiency. Important metabolic pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation, glutathione metabolism and carbon metabolism were suppressed in T3, which could have affected the survival of the plants in P-limited soil. In contrast, L13 increased the metabolic activity in the 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism, carbon metabolism, glycolysis, biosynthesis of amino acids, pentose phosphatase, oxidative phosphorylation, other types of O-glycan biosynthesis and riboflavin metabolic pathways in order to maintain normal plant growth under P deficiency. Three key proteins I1KW20 (prohibitins), I1K3U8 (alpha-amylase inhibitors) and C6SZ93 (alpha-amylase inhibitors) were suggested as potential biomarkers for screening soybean genotypes with low-P tolerance. Overall, this study provides new insights into the response and tolerance to P deficiency in soybean.

中文翻译：

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两种对比大豆基因型响应不同磷处理的蛋白质组表征

磷（P）是植物生长发育必需的元素。大豆 (Glycine max) 是一种在世界范围内种植的重要粮食作物。土壤缺磷严重影响大豆产量。为了探讨决定大豆低磷响应和耐受性的分子因素，我们对低磷耐受基因型（辽豆13、L13）和低磷敏感性基因型（铁丰3号、铁丰3号）进行了比较蛋白质组学研究。 T3）纸培养实验中采用三种磷处理，即无磷（0 mmol·L−1）、低磷（0.05 mmol·L−1）和正常磷（0.5 mmol·L−1）。在两种基因型的根中总共鉴定出 4126 个蛋白质。与正常磷处理相比，从低磷到无磷条件下获得的差异表达蛋白（DEP）数量增加。L13 (660) 中获得的所有 DEP 均因缺磷而上调，而 T3 (133) 中检测到的大多数 DEP 在缺磷时下调。T3 中氧化磷酸化、谷胱甘肽代谢和碳代谢等重要代谢途径受到抑制，这可能影响植物在磷限制土壤中的生存。相比之下，L13增加2-氧代羧酸代谢、碳代谢、糖酵解、氨基酸生物合成、戊糖磷酸酶、氧化磷酸化、其他类型的O-聚糖生物合成和核黄素代谢途径的代谢活性，以维持植物的正常生长缺磷情况下。三种关键蛋白 I1KW20（抑制素）、I1K3U8（α-淀粉酶抑制剂）和 C6SZ93（α-淀粉酶抑制剂）被建议作为筛选低磷耐受性大豆基因型的潜在生物标志物。总体而言，这项研究为大豆对磷缺乏的反应和耐受性提供了新的见解。