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Sensitivity Study of Design Parameters for a Fuel Cell Powered Multirotor Drone
Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-15 , DOI: 10.1007/s10846-021-01363-9
Jørgen Apeland , Dimitrios G. Pavlou , Tor Hemmingsen

The use of multirotor drones for industrial applications is accelerating, and fuel cell based propulsion systems are highlighted as a promising approach to improve endurance – one of the current main limitations. Due to multirotor drones’ unique requirements, careful system design is needed to maximize the performance advantage. In this work a sensitivity analysis that quantifies the impact of central system parameters for an X8 multirotor drone with a 2 kW fuel cell hybrid system is presented and discussed. Thrust stand measurements identified a 20–30% efficiency loss from the coaxial configuration, and a ‘single’ configuration can reduce power consumption by 700 W at 25 kg take-off mass. Thus, a smaller fuel cell system can be used, giving an additional 1 kg mass saving and 75–140 W power reduction. Peak endurance is found at a 0.67 energy system weight fraction, and if batteries are improved from 180 Wh/kg to 350 Wh/kg, the energy system mass threshold from where fuel cells are superior rises from 7.4 kg to 8.5 kg. At 700 bar, a 3 L hydrogen cylinder can replace a 6 L at 300 bar, provide a 72-min endurance, and is the preferred option to reach minimum system volume. This work provides guidance in early conceptual stages and insights on how fuel cell based powerplants for multirotors can be improved and optimized to increase their value proposition. Further research can expand the work to cover other system variations and do experimental testing of system performance.



中文翻译:

燃料电池动力多旋翼无人机设计参数的敏感性研究

在工业应用中,多旋翼无人机的使用正在加速增长,基于燃料电池的推进系统被强调为一种提高续航能力的有前途的方法,这是当前的主要限制之一。由于多旋翼无人机的独特要求,需要精心的系统设计才能最大程度地发挥性能优势。在这项工作中,提出并讨论了灵敏度分析,该灵敏度分析量化了带有2 kW燃料电池混合动力系统的X8多旋翼无人机的中央系统参数的影响。推力架的测量结果表明,同轴配置的效率损失为20%至30%,而“单”配置在25 kg的起飞质量下可以降低700 W的功耗。因此,可以使用较小的燃料电池系统,从而进一步节省了1 kg的重量,并降低了75–140 W的功率。峰值耐力为0。67个能源系统的重量分数,如果将电池从180 Wh / kg提升至350 Wh / kg,则燃料电池所在​​的能源系统质量阈值将从7.4 kg增加到8.5 kg。在700 bar的压力下,一个3 L的氢气瓶可以代替300 bar的6 L,提供72分钟的续航能力,并且是达到最小系统体积的首选。这项工作为早期概念阶段提供了指导,并为如何改进和优化基于燃料电池的多旋翼动力装置以增加其价值主张提供了见识。进一步的研究可以将工作扩展到涵盖其他系统变体,并对系统性能进行实验性测试。一个3升的氢气瓶可以在300 bar的压力下代替6升的氢气,提供72分钟的耐久力,并且是达到最小系统体积的首选。这项工作为早期概念阶段提供了指导,并为如何改进和优化基于燃料电池的多旋翼动力装置以增加其价值主张提供了见识。进一步的研究可以将工作扩展到涵盖其他系统变体,并对系统性能进行实验性测试。一个3升的氢气瓶可以在300 bar的压力下代替6升的氢气,提供72分钟的耐久力,并且是达到最小系统体积的首选。这项工作为早期概念阶段提供了指导,并为如何改进和优化基于燃料电池的多旋翼动力装置以增加其价值主张提供了见识。进一步的研究可以将工作扩展到涵盖其他系统变体,并对系统性能进行实验性测试。

更新日期:2021-04-15
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