Context

Habitat loss has clear negative effects on biodiversity, but whether fragmentation per se (FPS), excluding habitat loss does is debatable. A contribution to this debate may be that many fragmentation studies tend to use landscapes of fragmented focal-habitat and a single vastly different species-poor intervening land cover (the matrix).

Objectives

How does matrix composition influence the effect of FPS on biodiversity?.

Methods

Using an individual-based model to investigate the effect of different configurations of the matrix on the relationship between FPS and biodiversity of the focal-habitat. We manipulated the number and quality of land cover types in the matrix, and their similarity to the focal-habitat.

Results

Extremely different matrix, caused an order of magnitude stronger effect of FPS on alpha- and gamma-diversity and beta-diversity to decline. Low FPS led to high gamma-diversity. Increasing FPS caused a dramatic decline to low diversity. In contrast landscapes with a more similar matrix had lower diversity under low FPS declining little with increasing FPS. Having few matrix types caused beta-diversity to decline in general compared to landscapes with a larger numbers.

Conclusions

The effects of FPS on biodiversity may change depending on the number of matrix types and their similarity to the focal-habitat. We recommend that fragmentation studies should consider a greater variety of landscapes to help assess in which cases FPS does not have a negative impact and allow better predictions of the impacts of fragmentation. We show the importance of having a diversity of matrix land cover types and improving the hospitability of the matrix for species dependent on the focal-habitat.

中文翻译：

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基质成分介导生境破碎化的影响：一项模型研究

语境

栖息地的丧失对生物多样性具有明显的负面影响，但除了栖息地的丧失，其本身的碎片化（FPS）是否值得商bat。导致这种争论的一个原因可能是，许多破碎研究倾向于使用破碎的栖息地和单个物种差异极大的，贫瘠的土地覆盖物（矩阵）的景观。

目标

基质组成如何影响FPS对生物多样性的影响？

方法

使用基于个人的模型来研究矩阵的不同配置对FPS和焦点栖息地生物多样性之间关系的影响。我们在矩阵中操纵了土地覆盖类型的数量和质量，以及它们与焦点栖息地的相似性。

结果

极端不同的矩阵导致FPS对alpha和γ多样性以及beta多样性的减弱效果增强了一个数量级。低FPS导致较高的伽玛多样性。FPS的增加导致低多样性的急剧下降。相反，矩阵更相似的景观在低FPS下的多样性较低，但随FPS的增加几乎没有下降。与数量较多的景观相比，矩阵类型很少会导致beta多样性总体下降。

结论

FPS对生物多样性的影响可能会根据基质类型的数量及其与焦点栖息地的相似性而改变。我们建议碎片研究应考虑更多种类的景观，以帮助评估在哪些情况下FPS不会产生负面影响，并可以更好地预测碎片的影响。我们显示出具有多种多样的基质土地覆盖类型和提高基质的好客性对于依赖于焦点栖息地的物种的重要性。