The response of non-native forest plantation trees to climate change remains poorly understood.

We hypothesized that precipitation and temperature modulate tree-ring width chronology at each site and that higher tree growth is exhibited at remote sites than sites near copper mines. This study investigates if the annual tree-ring boundaries in non-native Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon in Zambia are distinct, cross-datable, and coherent with climate signal. We collected increment cores from live trees and climate data near and further away from emission sources and developed site tree-ring width chronologies. Based on cross-dating and chronology building statistics (i.e., ESP > 0.85; Glk > 0.6 and series inter-correlation > 0.4), P. kesiya posses cross-datable distinct annual growth ring boundaries that exhibited a high climate signal at both sites. The tree-ring width chronology was positively modulated by precipitation and negatively by solar radiation and temperature. The dry season precipitation was the limiting factor for the growth of P. kesiya. The predicted decrease in dry season precipitation and increase in temperature and solar radiation may reduce tree growth of P. kesiya, reduce productivity, and extend the rotation age. The mean ring width in P. kesiya was not significantly (p = 0.296) different between sites. However, the mean basal area increment at the site near the emission source (Ichimpe) was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than at the remote site (Chati), suggesting site-specific influences that require investigation. We recommend evaluating the causes and consequences of tree growth variation between sites and their relation to environmental variation, including microclimate, soils, and pollution. In this regard, an assessment of site-specific ring-width chronology and tree growth variation in this study directly contributes to an improved understanding of non-native P. kesiya ecology, and it offers the potential to study trees' responses to edaphic and climatic factors. Knowing these responses deepens our understanding of non-native pine tree growth in the face of climate change, given the significant role of tropical forests in the global carbon cycle.

非本地人工林对气候变化的反应仍然知之甚少。

我们假设降水和温度调节了每个站点的树轮宽度年表，并且偏远站点的树木生长比铜矿附近的站点高。这项研究调查了在赞比亚非本地的高登松（Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon）的年轮树边界是否清晰，可交叉更新且与气候信号一致。我们从靠近和远离排放源的活树和气候数据中收集了增量核心，并开发了站点树木年轮宽度年表。根据交叉约会和年代顺序的建筑统计数据（即ESP> 0.85；Glk > 0.6和系列互相关> 0.4），P。kesiya在两个地点都呈现出高气候信号的交叉可跨越的不同年轮边界。树木年轮宽度的年表受降水的影响呈正相关，而受太阳辐射和温度的影响则呈负相关关系。旱季的降水是P. kesiya生长的限制因素。预计的旱季降水减少以及温度和太阳辐射的增加可能会减少P. kesiya的树木生长，降低生产力，并延长轮作年龄。在平均环宽度P.思茅不显著（p = 0.296）位点之间不同。然而，在靠近排放源（Ichimpe）的位置，平均基础面积增加显着（p<0.001）高于远程站点（Chati），表明需要调查特定于站点的影响。我们建议评估站点之间树木生长变化的原因和后果，以及它们与环境变化（包括小气候，土壤和污染）的关系。在这方面，本研究中对特定地点的环宽年表和树木生长变化的评估直接有助于增进对非本地P. kesiya生态学的了解，它为研究树木对水生和气候的反应提供了潜力。因素。鉴于热带森林在全球碳循环中的重要作用，了解这些反应将加深我们对面对气候变化的非本地松树生长的理解。