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The art of imaging methods—using cutting edge radiological technology to uncover the secrets of ancient anatomical figurines
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-13 , DOI: 10.1007/s12520-021-01312-5
Fides Regina Schwartz , Susan Churchill , Rachel Ingold , Sinan Goknur , Divakar Gupta , Justin Gladman , Mark Olson , Tina D. Tailor

Ivory anatomical figurines are thought to have been carved in Germany in the seventeenth or eighteenth century. While it is speculated that these figurines were used for the study of medical education, little is known about their origins. A precise understanding of the composition of these figurines may further provide knowledge about their purpose and exact age. Our institution holds the largest North American collection of these figurines. Our purpose was to utilize micro-computer tomography (micro-CT) to determine the composition of these figurines and discern whether these figurines are made of “true” ivory (e.g., elephant or mammoth tusk) or other ivory-like materials (e.g., whale bone and antler). Scans of 22 figurines were performed on an XT H 225 ST Nikon Micro-CT (mCT) scanner at 150–200 kV, with an average exposure time of 267 ms, and slice thickness of 40–80 μm. Axial micro-CT slices were evaluated for Haversian canal structure/morphology to determine material composition. micro-CT images were also evaluated for materials other than ivory or bone that were not appreciable by visual inspection. Out of 22 figurines, 20 were made of ivory, one was made of antler, and one contained both ivory and whale bone. Metallic components and/or fibers were found in a minority of figurines. Twelve figurines contained hinges or internal repairs. micro-CT can be used to discern the composition of fragile archeological figurines and assess for repairs or alterations. This information may enable archeologists to draw conclusions regarding objects’ age, origins, and possible uses.



中文翻译:

成像方法的艺术-使用尖端的放射学技术来揭示古代解剖小雕像的秘密

象牙解剖小雕像被认为是在十七或十八世纪在德国雕刻的。尽管推测这些小雕像被用于医学教育的研究,但对其起源知之甚少。对这些小雕像的组成的准确了解可以进一步提供有关它们的目的和确切年龄的知识。我们的机构拥有这些雕像中北美最大的收藏。我们的目的是利用微型计算机断层扫描(micro-CT)来确定这些小雕像的组成,并辨别这些小雕像是由“真”象牙(例如大象或猛mm象牙)还是其他类似象牙的材料(例如鲸骨和鹿角)。在XT H 225 ST尼康Micro-CT(mCT)扫描仪上以150-200 kV进行了22个塑像的扫描,平均曝光时间为267 ms,切片厚度为40–80μm。评估轴向微CT切片的哈弗斯管结构/形态,以确定材料成分。此外,还对微型CT图像中的象牙或骨头以外的材料进行了视觉检查无法评估的评估。在22个小雕像中,有20个是用象牙制成的,一个是用鹿角制成的,另外一个包含了象牙和鲸鱼的骨头。在少数雕像中发现了金属成分和/或纤维。十二个小雕像包含铰链或内部维修。微型CT可以用来辨别出脆弱的考古雕像,并评估其修复或改动。该信息可以使考古学家得出有关物体的年龄,起源和可能用途的结论。评估轴向微CT切片的哈弗斯管结构/形态,以确定材料成分。此外,还对微型CT图像中的象牙或骨头以外的材料进行了视觉检查无法评估的评估。在22个小雕像中,有20个由象牙制成,一个由鹿角制成,其中一个包含象牙和鲸鱼骨。在少数雕像中发现了金属成分和/或纤维。十二个小雕像包含铰链或内部维修。微型CT可以用来辨别出脆弱的考古雕像,并评估其修复或改动。该信息可以使考古学家得出有关物体的年龄,起源和可能用途的结论。评估轴向微CT切片的哈弗斯管结构/形态,以确定材料成分。此外,还对微型CT图像中的象牙或骨头以外的材料进行了视觉检查无法评估的评估。在22个小雕像中,有20个是用象牙制成的,一个是用鹿角制成的,另外一个包含了象牙和鲸鱼的骨头。在少数雕像中发现了金属成分和/或纤维。十二个小雕像包含铰链或内部维修。微型CT可以用来辨别出脆弱的考古雕像,并评估其修复或改动。该信息可以使考古学家得出有关物体的年龄,起源和可能用途的结论。在22个小雕像中,有20个是用象牙制成的,一个是用鹿角制成的,另外一个包含了象牙和鲸鱼的骨头。在少数雕像中发现了金属成分和/或纤维。十二个小雕像包含铰链或内部维修。微型CT可以用来辨别出脆弱的考古雕像,并评估其修复或改动。该信息可以使考古学家得出有关物体的年龄,起源和可能用途的结论。在22个小雕像中,有20个是用象牙制成的,一个是用鹿角制成的,另外一个包含了象牙和鲸鱼的骨头。在少数雕像中发现了金属成分和/或纤维。十二个小雕像包含铰链或内部维修。微型CT可以用来辨别出脆弱的考古雕像,并评估其修复或改动。该信息可以使考古学家得出有关物体的年龄,起源和可能用途的结论。

更新日期:2021-04-14
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