Infective endocarditis (IE) caused by bacteria within Haemophilus (excluding Haemophilus influenzae), Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella and Kingella (HACEK) is rare. This study aimed to describe clinical features of IE caused by HACEK genera in comparison with IE due to other pathogens. Cases of IE due to HACEK were identified through the Swedish Registry of Infective Endocarditis (SRIE). Clinical characteristics of IE cases caused by HACEK were compared with cases of IE due to other pathogens reported to the same registry. Ninety-six patients with IE caused by HACEK were identified, and this corresponds to 1.8% of all IE cases. Eighty-three cases were definite endocarditis, and the mortality rate was 2%. The median age was 63 years, which was lower compared to patients with IE caused by other pathogens (66, 70 and 73 years respectively, p ≤ 0.01). Patients with IE caused by Haemophilus were younger compared to patients with IE due to Aggregatibacter (47 vs 67 years, p ≤ 0.001). Patients with IE due to HACEK exhibited longer duration from onset of symptoms to hospitalization and had more prosthetic valve endocarditis compared to patients with IE due to Staphylococcus aureus (10 vs 2 days, p ≤ 0.001, and 35 vs 14%, p ≤ 0.001). This is, to date, the largest study on IE due to HACEK. Aggregatibacter was the most common cause of IE within the group. The condition has a subacute onset and often strikes in patients with prosthetic valves, and the mortality rate is relatively low.

感染性心内膜炎（IE）中由细菌引起的流感嗜血杆菌（不包括流感嗜血杆菌），Aggregatibacter，Cardiobacterium，Eikenella和金氏(HACEK) 是罕见的。本研究旨在描述 HACEK 属引起的 IE 与其他病原体引起的 IE 的临床特征。通过瑞典感染性心内膜炎登记处 (SRIE) 确定了 HACEK 引起的 IE 病例。将 HACEK 引起的 IE 病例的临床特征与报告到同一登记处的其他病原体引起的 IE 病例进行比较。确定了 96 名由 HACEK 引起的 IE 患者，这相当于所有 IE 病例的 1.8%。确诊为心内膜炎83例，病死率为2%。中位年龄为 63 岁，低于其他病原体引起的 IE 患者（分别为 66、70 和 73 岁，p ≤ 0.01）。嗜血杆菌引起的IE患者与因聚集杆菌引起的 IE 患者相比更年轻（47 岁 vs 67 岁，p ≤ 0.001）。与金黄色葡萄球菌引起的 IE 患者相比，HACEK 引起的 IE 患者从出现症状到住院的持续时间更长，人工瓣膜心内膜炎的发生率更高（10 天对 2 天，p ≤ 0.001，35 对 14%，p ≤ 0.001） . 这是迄今为止，由于 HACEK 而对 IE 进行的最大的研究。Aggregatibacter是该组内 IE 的最常见原因。该病为亚急性起病，常发生于人工瓣膜患者，死亡率相对较低。