The present study was carried out to investigate the beneficial and toxicological effect of plant-based titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) on the morphophysiological attributes of wheat plants under salinity stress. The biogenesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles was accomplished by using the extract of Buddleja asiatica L. leaves followed by characterization through UV visible spectroscopy, SEM, FTIR, and EDX. NaCl salt was applied in two different concentrations after 21 days of germination followed by foliar applications of various concentrations of TiO 2 NPs (20, 40, 60, 80 mg/L) to salinity-tolerant (Faisalabad-08) and salinity-susceptible (NARC-11) wheat varieties after 10–15 days of application of salt stress. Salinity stress showed remarkable decrease in morphophysiological attributes of selected wheat varieties. Magnificent improvement in plant height, dry and fresh weight of plants, shoot and root length, root and shoot fresh and dry weight, number of leaves per plant, RWC, MSI, chlorophyll a and b, and total chlorophyll contents has been observed when 40 mg/L of TiO 2 NPs was used. However, the plant morphophysiological parameters decreased gradually at higher concentrations (60 and 80 mg/L) in both selected wheat varieties. Therefore, 40 mg/L concentration of TiO 2 NPs was found most preferable to increase the growth agronomic and physiological attributes of selected wheat varieties under salinity.

中文翻译：

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叶面应用植物二氧化钛纳米颗粒改善盐胁迫下小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）植物的农艺和生理特性

本研究旨在研究盐分胁迫下植物基二氧化钛纳米颗粒（TiO 2 NPs）对小麦植株形态生理特性的有益和毒理作用。二氧化钛纳米粒子的生物发生是通过使用亚洲醉鱼草叶子的提取物，然后通过紫外可见光谱，SEM，FTIR和EDX进行表征来完成的。发芽21天后，将NaCl盐以两种不同的浓度施用，然后将不同浓度的TiO 2 NP（20、40、60、80 mg / L）叶面施用到耐盐性（Faisalabad-08）和易盐碱的（ NARC-11）小麦品种在施加盐胁迫10-15天后。盐分胁迫表明所选小麦品种的形态生理特性显着下降。当40时，观察到植物高度，植物干重和鲜重，枝条和根长，根和枝干重和干重，单株叶片数，RWC，MSI，叶绿素a和b以及总叶绿素含量有了显着改善。使用了mg / L的TiO 2 NPs。然而，在两个选定的小麦品种中，植物形态生理参数在较高浓度（60和80 mg / L）下逐渐降低。因此，发现最优选40 mg / L浓度的TiO 2 NPs增加盐度下所选小麦品种的生长农艺和生理特性。然而，在两个选定的小麦品种中，植物形态生理参数在较高浓度（60和80 mg / L）下逐渐降低。因此，发现最优选40 mg / L浓度的TiO 2 NPs增加盐度下所选小麦品种的生长农艺和生理特性。然而，在两个选定的小麦品种中，植物形态生理参数在较高浓度（60和80 mg / L）下逐渐降低。因此，发现最优选40 mg / L浓度的TiO 2 NPs增加盐度下所选小麦品种的生长农艺和生理特性。