Natural broadleaved forests have been widely converted to plantations with economically valuable trees mainly belonging to the family Pinaceae in temperate regions. Furthermore, mixed natural forests dominated by Pinaceae have been converted into pure cedar plantations involving members of the Cupressaceae in many areas. The objective of this study was to determine the impacts of such conversion with respect to the changes in dominant tree species and tree stand types (i.e. pure vs mixed) on soil properties, including the diversity and community structures of bacteria and fungi colonizing roots, rhizospheres, surface and subsurface bulk soils. Our results showed that vegetation apparently affected the bacterial and fungal community structures, but differently among these compartments. Bacterial alpha diversity was significantly lower in a mixed natural forest than in a pure cedar plantation. In addition, roots in the natural forest supported greater proportions of specific bacteria such as Bradyrhizobiaceae and Burkholderia bryophila, which have been often reported as plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Fungal alpha diversity was not different between vegetation, but ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi such as Piloderma olivaceum, Cenococcum geophilum, Tuber pseudosphaerosporum, Sebacina sp. Tomentella sp. and Russula sp. were detected in the natural forest but less than 0.2% in the cedar plantation. The rhizosphere effects on soil pH and bacterial and fungal abundance were observed only in the natural forest, but not in the cedar plantation. Therefore, our results suggested that conversion from mixed natural forest to pure cedar plantation reduces specific bacteria with plant-growth-promoting properties as well as ECM fungi, although it appears to increase bacterial diversity. This has practical implications in that it suggests that specific planting of ECM-associated trees might be an effective strategy when attempting to generate mixed forests from starting points of pure cedar plantations.

在温带地区，天然阔叶林已广泛转化为具有经济价值的树木的人工林，这些树木主要属于松科。此外，在许多地区，以松科为主的混合天然森林已转变为纯柏木人工林，涉及柏科的成员。这项研究的目的是确定这种转化对主要树种和林分类型（即纯种还是混种）的变化对土壤特性的影响，包括定居在根，根际的细菌和真菌的多样性和群落结构。 ，表层和地下的块状土壤。我们的结果表明，植被显然影响细菌和真菌的群落结构，但在这些区室中却有所不同。混合自然森林中的细菌α多样性显着低于纯雪松人工林。此外，天然林中的根支持更多比例的特定细菌，如缓生根瘤菌和嗜酸伯克霍尔德菌（Burkholderia bryophila），通常被报道为促进植物生长的根瘤菌。植被之间的真菌α多样性没有差异，但是外生菌根（ECM）真菌，例如小毛萎木霉（Piloderma olivaceum），嗜酸炭黑球菌（Cenococcum geophilum），块茎假球菌（Stuber pseudosphaerosporum），Sebacina sp.。Tomentella sp。和红菇sp。在天然林中检出，但在雪松人工林中检出率不到0.2％。仅在天然林中观察到了根际对土壤pH值以及细菌和真菌丰度的影响，而在雪松人工林中却没有观察到。因此，我们的结果表明，从混合天然林向纯雪松人工林的转化减少了具有植物生长特性的特定细菌以及ECM真菌，尽管它似乎增加了细菌的多样性。这具有实际意义，因为它表明，当尝试从纯柏木人工林的起点生成混交林时，与ECM相关的树木的特定种植可能是一种有效的策略。