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Perceptions of plague in eighteenth-century Europe†
The Economic History Review ( IF 2.487 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-13 , DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13080
Paul Slack 1
Affiliation  

Major epidemics of plague in Germany and France in the early eighteenth century and in Moscow in the 1770s brought an end to a series of epidemic disasters in Europe which had started with the Black Death. The article examines what they had in common, and seeks to understand why they should have ended when they did. It shows that European governors were unanimous in insisting on rigid quarantine and other measures for containing the disease developed over previous centuries, despite their ignorance of plague's precise causes. It shows also that physicians across Europe were more deeply divided than they had ever been on the issue of contagion, and now engaged in an international dispute about whether the acknowledged cruelties inflicted by compulsory quarantines were wholly counterproductive, or a price worth paying for the prevention of still worse disasters. The article concludes by drawing on recent work on plague in the Ottoman Empire, and on research into the ancient DNA of the second pandemic, in order to set the epidemic history of western Europe in a wider comparative context.

中文翻译:

18 世纪欧洲对瘟疫的看法†

18 世纪早期在德国和法国以及 1770 年代在莫斯科的主要鼠疫流行结束了以黑死病开始的欧洲一系列流行病灾难。这篇文章检查了他们的共同点,并试图理解为什么他们应该在他们这样做的时候结束。它表明,尽管欧洲州长们不知道鼠疫的确切原因,但他们一致坚持严格的隔离和其他措施来遏制过去几个世纪发展起来的疾病。它还表明,欧洲各地的医生在传染病问题上的分歧比以往任何时候都更加严重,现在就强制隔离所造成的公认残忍是否完全适得其反,陷入了国际争议,或为防止更严重的灾难付出的代价。文章最后借鉴了奥斯曼帝国最近关于瘟疫的工作,以及对第二次大流行的古​​代 DNA 的研究,以便在更广泛的比较背景下设置西欧的流行病史。
更新日期:2021-04-13
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