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The State of the Art in Studying the Deep Structure of the Earth’s Crust and Upper Mantle beneath the Baikal Rift from Seismological Data
Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth ( IF 1 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-13 , DOI: 10.1134/s1069351321020117
A. I. Seredkina

Abstract—This review discusses the major milestone results yielded by the regional seismological studies of the deep structure of the Earth’s crust and mantle beneath the Baikal rift since the 1960s to present. It also includes data from recent global models covering a depth interval to below 400 km rarely considered in regional studies. The main focus of the review is laid on the intercomparison of various velocity models of the region, sometimes substantially contradicting each other, which determines the pertinence of this work. In particular, there has been no consensus among different authors as to the crustal thinning beneath the Baikal rift, the thickness of the anomalous mantle layer and the lithosphere. For establishing the causes of the revealed discrepancies, the review briefly compares the inversion methods used in the studies and their resolution. Separate discussion is dedicated to anisotropic properties of the upper-mantle material which is studied from splitting of SKS-waves and from phase and group velocity dispersion data of surface waves. The Conclusions section presents the additional information which can be used for verifying a particular model: there are the results of the studies of thermal, gravitational, geomagnetic, and geoelectric fields and some geological data. The implications of geophysical data covered by the review for the ongoing discussion on the origin of lithospheric extension in the Baikal rift zone are analyzed. It is shown that most of the data (low surface heat flow values and temperatures in the mantle, fairly large bottom depths of the lithospheric magnetic sources, the estimates of the lithospheric thickness from gravimetric and geoelectric data) including purely seismological results (the absence of a general thinning of the crust and lithosphere along the entire rift axis) as well as some geological data contradict the hypotheses of active rifting. However, the existing deep structure models are inconclusive for the ultimate choice between the hypotheses explaining the rift formation by purely passive or mixed mechanisms. The solution of this question requires further, more detailed geophysical study. Thus, the presented review of the deep structure of the Earth’s crust and mantle of the Baikal rift provides the framework for assessing the results of the previous geophysical studies and outlining the prospects of the future research.



中文翻译:

利用地震数据研究贝加尔湖裂谷下地壳和上地幔深层结构的最新技术

摘要—这篇综述讨论了自1960年代至今贝加尔湖裂谷下地壳和地幔深部结构的区域地震学研究得出的主要里程碑结果。它还包括来自最近的全球模型的数据,这些模型涵盖了在区域研究中很少考虑的深度区间至400 km以下。审查的主要重点放在该地区各种速度模型的比对上,有时相互之间是相互矛盾的,这决定了这项工作的针对性。特别是,在贝加尔湖裂谷下的地壳变薄,异常地幔层的厚度和岩石圈方面,不同的作者之间没有达成共识。为了确定显示差异的原因,这篇综述简要地比较了研究中使用的反演方法及其解决方案。单独讨论了上地幔材料的各向异性特性,该特性是通过分解开裂而研究的。SKS-波和来自表面波的相速度和群速度色散数据。结论部分提供了可用于验证特定模型的其他信息:热,重力,地磁和地电场以及一些地质数据的研究结果。分析了本评价涵盖的地球物理数据对贝加尔湖裂谷带岩石圈扩展成因的持续讨论的意义。结果表明,大多数数据(地幔中较低的表面热流值和温度,岩石圈磁源的底部深度较大,从重力和地电数据得出的岩石圈厚度估算值包括纯粹的地震结果(整个裂谷轴上地壳和岩石圈没有普遍变薄)以及一些地质数据与主动裂谷的假设相矛盾。然而,现有的深层结构模型对于解释纯裂变形成的假设之间的最终选择尚无定论。这个问题的解决需要进一步,更详细的地球物理研究。因此,本文对贝加尔湖地壳的深层结构和地幔的深层结构的回顾为评估先前地球物理研究的结果和概述未来研究的前景提供了框架。然而,现有的深层结构模型对于解释纯裂变形成的假设之间的最终选择尚无定论。这个问题的解决需要进一步,更详细的地球物理研究。因此,本文对贝加尔湖地壳的深层结构和地幔的深层结构的回顾为评估先前地球物理研究的结果和概述未来研究的前景提供了框架。然而,现有的深层结构模型对于解释纯裂变形成的假设之间的最终选择尚无定论。这个问题的解决需要进一步,更详细的地球物理研究。因此,本文对贝加尔湖地壳的深层结构和地幔的深层结构的回顾为评估先前地球物理研究的结果和概述未来研究的前景提供了框架。

更新日期:2021-04-13
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