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Flower pests of cashew, their seasonal incidence, damage and natural enemies
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science ( IF 1.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-12 , DOI: 10.1007/s42690-021-00527-2
K. Vanitha , T. N. Raviprasad

Different insect species attack cashew flowers during different phenological stages of the inflorescences from 511 to 619 of Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie (BBCH) scale of cashew phenology. A total of 67 species were documented during the investigation between 2016 and 2020. Among all pest groups, Lepidopterans were dominant comprising 32 species followed by Hemipterans with 22 species. The pests newly reported on cashew flowers include Perixera sp., Bombotelia jocosatrix, Gyrtona sp., Gatesclarkeana sp., Ascotis selenaria, Tinolius sp. besides two Cicadellids and two Lygaeid bugs. Damage symptoms, seasonal incidence and natural enemies were also documented for different pests. None of the weather factors had significant relationship with tea mosquito bug (TMB), B. jocosatrix and Lamida moncusalis. Though rainfall had no significant relationship with any of the pest population, number of rainy days had significant negative relationship with apple and nut borer (ANB) (-0.35), beetles (-0.35), thrips (-0.39) and mirids (-0.34). Parasitism by Trathala flavorbitalis on ANB was 15–30%, and by Apanteles sp. on Archips sp. was 20–25%. Reduction in nut set up to 47.06% has been recorded due to inflorescence pests in unsprayed trees compared to sprayed ones under mild infestation of TMB.



中文翻译:

腰果花害虫,其季节性发病,危害和天敌

在腰果物候期的德国生物化学和化学工业(BBCH)规模的511至619年的不同时期的花序的不同物候期,不同的昆虫会攻击腰果花。在2016年至2020年的调查过程中,总共记录了67种。在所有害虫类中,鳞翅目占主导地位,包括32种,其次是半翅目,具有22种。新报道的关于腰果花的害虫包括Perixera sp。,Bombotelia jocosatrix,Gyrtona sp。,Gatesclarkeana sp.。,Ascotis selenaria,Tinolius sp 除了两个Cicadellids和两个Lygaeid虫子。还记录了不同害虫的破坏症状,季节性发病率和天敌。没有任何天气因素与茶蚊(TMB),B。jocosatrixLamida moncusalis有显着关系。尽管降雨与任何害虫种群均无显着关系,但雨天数与苹果和坚果bore(ANB)(-0.35),甲虫(-0.35),蓟马(-0.39)和mi(-0.34)呈显着负相关。 )。Trathala flavourbitalis对ANB的寄生率为15–30%,而Apanteles sp。的寄生率为15%。在Archips上sp。是20–25%。与在TMB轻度侵染下喷洒的树木相比,未喷洒的树木中的花序害虫引起的坚果减少了47.06%

更新日期:2021-04-13
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