Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have dominated the portable electric market over decades; however, the limited and unevenly distributed lithium resources induce concerns on their future large-scale applications. Increasing efforts have been endeavored on exploring post-Li ion batteries, such as Na-ion, K-ion, Al-ion and Mg-ion batteries, due to the high abundance of the corresponding elements in Earth crust. Manufacturing reliable electrode materials is the key to develop these new battery systems. Facile and scalable electrospinning has been widely utilized in preparing mechanically stable, flexible and conductive nanofiber electrodes as successfully proven in LIBs. In recent years, tremendous efforts have been devoted to electrospinning nanofiber electrodes for post-Li ion batteries and discernible progress in the electrochemical performance has been witnessed. Herein, we aim to review the-state-of-the-art advances made in electrospun nanofiber materials in optimizing post-Li ion battery technology by surveying the correlations among the morphology, the surface chemistry, the structure of electrospun nanofibers, and the post-Li ion batteries performance. Based on intensive investigations and insightful understandings, perspectives to the future design of electrospun nanofiber electrodes are also presented.

数十年来，锂离子电池（LIB）主导了便携式电子市场。然而，有限且分布不均的锂资源引起了人们对其未来大规模应用的担忧。由于地壳中相应元素的含量很高，人们已经加大了努力探索锂离子后电池，例如Na离子，K离子，Al离子和Mg离子电池。制造可靠的电极材料是开发这些新型电池系统的关键。简便且可扩展的静电纺丝已被广泛用于制备机械稳定，柔性和导电的纳米纤维电极，这一点已在LIB中成功证明。最近几年，已经为锂离子后电池的静电纺丝纳米纤维电极付出了巨大的努力，并且在电化学性能方面也取得了明显的进展。在这里，我们旨在通过调查形态，表面化学，电纺纳米纤维的结构和后处理之间的相关性，回顾电纺纳米纤维材料在优化后锂离子电池技术方面的最新进展。 -锂离子电池性能。基于深入的研究和深刻的理解，还提出了电纺纳米纤维电极未来设计的观点。表面化学，电纺纳米纤维的结构以及后锂离子电池的性能。基于深入的研究和深刻的理解，还提出了电纺纳米纤维电极未来设计的观点。表面化学，电纺纳米纤维的结构以及后锂离子电池的性能。基于深入的研究和深刻的理解，还提出了电纺纳米纤维电极未来设计的观点。