Abstract

Biodiversity loss is exceptionally greater in freshwater ecosystems. To preserve such biodiversity it is crucial to know what species and habitats require greater conservation efforts. In this study, we identify the most threatened endemic sensu lato water beetles found in Morocco (i.e., Moroccan, Maghrebian and Ibero-Maghrebian endemics) using six equivalent criteria (general distribution, Moroccan distribution, species rarity, species persistence, habitat rarity and habitat loss) to rank species according to their vulnerability. From the 90 endemic species studied, only Graptodytes bremondi Guignot 1934, Esolus bicuspidatus Alluaud 1922, Enochrus blazquezae Arribas & Millán, 2013 and Elmis atlantis Alluad, 1922 were considered extremely vulnerable following our own methodology, whereas thirty six were cataloged as highly vulnerable. The protection of such species mainly requires the conservation of their habitats, particularly rivers in low lands, saline streams, peat bogs, “Sebkhas” and marshes. Most of these Moroccan habitats are very rare and/or human impacted. Nowadays, no Moroccan species of aquatic Coleoptera has legal protection, being the only conservation measure available for these species the extent to which they occur in protected areas. As a result, all these forty species should be included in the future Red List of Threatened Species for Morocco, whereas the four most threatened are proposed to be incorporated in the IUCN Red List as “Endangered B2ab (iii)”.

Implications for insect conservation

We present the first comprehensive analysis of all endemic aquatic beetles in Morocco applying a specific methodology. Four of the ninety endemic species studied showed an extremely high vulnerability: Graptodytes bremondi Guignot 1934, Esolus bicuspidatus Alluaud 1922, Enochrus blazquezae Arribas & Millán, 2013 and Elmis atlantis Alluad, 1922. We propose all of them for inclusion in the IUCN red list as "Endangered B2ab (iii)".

中文翻译：

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来自摩洛哥的受威胁的地方水甲虫

摘要

在淡水生态系统中，生物多样性的损失尤其严重。为了保护这种生物多样性，至关重要的是要知道哪些物种和栖息地需要更大的保护努力。在这项研究中，我们使用六个等效标准（一般分布，摩洛哥分布，物种稀有性，物种持久性，栖息地稀有性和栖息地），确定了在摩洛哥发现的最受威胁的地方性淡水甲虫（即摩洛哥，Maghrebian和Ibero-Maghrebian地方性物种）。损失），以根据其脆弱性对物种进行排名。在研究的90种特有物种中，只有Graptodytes bremondi Guignot 1934，Esolus bicuspidatus Alluaud，1922年，Enochrus blazquezae Arribas＆Millán，2013年和Elmis atlantis按照我们自己的方法，1922年的阿勒阿德被认为极度脆弱，而有36个被列为高度脆弱。保护这类物种主要需要保护其栖息地，特别是低地的河流，盐碱流，泥炭沼泽，“塞布哈斯”和沼泽。这些摩洛哥生境大多数都非常稀有和/或受到人类影响。如今，没有摩洛哥的水生鞘翅目物种受到法律保护，这是这些物种在保护区内发生的程度的唯一保护措施。结果，所有这四十种物种都应列入未来的《摩洛哥受威胁物种红色名录》，而提议将四个受威胁最大的物种列入“ IUCN濒危物种B2ab（iii）”红色名录。

对昆虫保护的意义

我们使用一种特定的方法，对摩洛哥的所有地方性水生甲虫进行了首次全面分析。研究的九十个特有物种中的四个表现出极高的脆弱性：Graptodytes bremondi Guignot 1934，Esolus bicuspidatus Alluaud 1922，Enochrus blazquezae Arribas＆Millán，2013和Elmis atlantis Alluad，1922。我们建议将它们全部列入IUCN红色名录“濒临灭绝的B2ab（iii）”。