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From conquest to co-existence: Burhān al-Dīn al-Marghīnānī’s (d. 593/1197) re-interpretation of jihād
Journal of Islamic Studies Pub Date : 2021-01-18 , DOI: 10.1093/jis/etab009
Youcef L Soufi 1
Affiliation  

Current scholarship on the legal doctrine of jihād presents classical Sunni jurists after the second/eighth century as uniformly championing continual imperial conquest. In this article, I suggest that this sweeping claim for a uniform doctrine neglects what is distinctive in the argumentation of individual juristic thinkers. I trace the genealogy of of Burhān al-Dīn al-Marghīnānī’s (d. 593/1197) theory of jihād in order to show how he radically reinterpreted the doctrine of Ḥanafī school. He introduced the novel approach that jihād need not to be equated with its outward, formal meaning (al-jihād ṣūratan) of military combat. Rather, beyond that outward sense, jihād also had a deeper meaning (al-jihād maʿnan) based on its purpose or function within international relations. For Marghīnānī, part of this function was the preservation of life, freedom, and property. He was thus able to argue that, so long as they secured these ends, peace treaties fulfilled the deeper meaning of jihad. Marghīnānī’s ideas enabled a shift in Ḥanafī thought whereby jurists after him associated jihād with the realization of benefit (maṣlaḥa) for Muslim society. Rather than advocate the obligation of continual conquest, these jurists accepted that decision-making about war and peace should be determined by pragmatic considerations of social interest.

中文翻译:

从征服到共存:Burhān al-Dīn al-Marghīnānī (d. 593/1197) 对圣战的重新诠释

当前关于圣战法律学说的学术研究表明,2/8 世纪之后的古典逊尼派法学家一致支持持续的帝国征服。在本文中,我认为这种对统一原则的广泛主张忽略了个别法学思想家论证中的独特之处。我追溯了 Burhān al-Dīn al-Marghīnānī(卒于 593/1197 年)的圣战理论的家谱,以展示他如何从根本上重新解释 Ḥanafī 学派的教义。他介绍了一种新颖的方法,即圣战不必等同于军事战斗的外在、形式意义(al-jihād ṣūratan)。相反,除了这种外在的意义之外,圣战还具有更深层次的意义(al-jihād maʿnan),基于其在国际关系中的目的或功能。对于 Marghīnānī 来说,这个功能的一部分是保护生命、自由、和财产。因此,他能够争辩说,只要它们能够实现这些目标,和平条约就实现了圣战的更深层含义。Marghīnānī 的想法促成了 Ḥanafī 思想的转变,他之后的法学家将圣战与实现穆斯林社会的利益 (maṣlaḥa) 联系起来。这些法学家没有提倡持续征服的义务,而是接受了关于战争与和平的决策应该由社会利益的务实考虑来决定。
更新日期:2021-01-18
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